Production Of Cellulosic Enzymes By Aspergillus Niger And Hydrolysis Of Cellulosic Materials

V. Bakare, Mohammed Sani Abdulsalami, Thankgod Ositadinma Ndibe, Chizoba Kenneth Ejuama, T. Effiong, Kereakede Ebipade
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Abstract

Microorganisms such as fungi can fragment carbon compounds by hydrolytic enzymes. The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger is now mostly considered because of its ubiquitous nature, non-fastidious nutritional requirements and it is classified generally as safe. This study was aimed at the production of cellulosic enzymes by A. niger and hydrolytic degradation of cellulosic materials by these enzymes. Standard methods were employed in soil samples collection, isolation of A. niger from the soils and their screening for enzyme production. Results showed that the A. niger isolates exhibited considerable activities of degrading and hydrolyzing cellulose in the agar media. The highest FPase, cellulase and xylanase activities were obtained from white saw dust with concentrations of 0.4059 U/ml, 0.7695U/ml and 1.3488 U/ml respectively. Also, results showed high enzyme activity at pH 6 (0.52U/ml) and temperature of 30ºC (0.72U/ml). Acid hydrolysis of the cellulosic substrates resulted to the release of 6.5% total sugar from white sawdust. The findings of this study revealed that the enzymes produced by A. niger hydrolyzed cellulosic materials but acid is more efficient than the enzymes in the hydrolysis and release of total sugar from cellulosic materials. This study recommends that cellulolytic enzymes used in the industries should be produced locally using filamentous fungus such as Aspergillus niger and cellulosic materials as carbon source.
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黑曲霉生产纤维素酶及纤维素材料的水解
微生物如真菌可以通过水解酶分解碳化合物。丝状真菌黑曲霉由于其普遍存在的性质,对营养的要求不高,通常被归类为安全的,所以现在主要考虑黑曲霉。本研究旨在探讨黑曲霉生产纤维素酶及其对纤维素材料的水解降解。采用标准方法采集土壤样品,从土壤中分离黑曲霉,并进行产酶筛选。结果表明,黑曲霉在琼脂培养基中具有较强的降解和水解纤维素的活性。白锯末的FPase、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性最高,分别为0.4059 U/ml、0.7695U/ml和1.3488 U/ml。在pH为6 (0.52U/ml)、温度为30℃(0.72U/ml)条件下,酶活性较高。纤维素底物的酸水解导致从白色锯末中释放6.5%的总糖。本研究结果表明,黑曲霉产生的酶水解纤维素材料,但酸比酶水解和释放纤维素材料中的总糖效率更高。本研究建议工业中使用的纤维素水解酶应在当地生产,使用丝状真菌如黑曲霉和纤维素材料作为碳源。
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