THE ROLE OF CRITICAL THINKING IN IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF FUNDAMENTAL THEORETICAL AND CLINICAL DISCIPLINES

Abstract

Relevance. It is known that critical thinking is a system of judgments, which is used to analyze facts, phenomena, events and draw reasonable conclusions. Critical thinking allows you to formulate assessments, interpretations, correctly apply the obtained results to situations and problems. Critical thinking is learning the ability to reason. Critical thinking is thinking about thinking, when a person reflects in order to improve their thinking.Objective. Defend the point of view that the introduction of critical thinking technologies into the educational process will contribute to the improvement of the training of specialists in the medical field with a significant enhancement in the quality of teaching fundamental theoretical and clinical disciplines.Material and methods. We analyzed the improvement of the quality of teaching of fundamental theoretical and clinical disciplines with the help of the introduction of critical thinking technologies: lotus flower, Edward de Bono's six hats, fishbone, brainstorming, intellectual maps.Results. Proposed technologies of critical thinking "Lotus flower" is a technique that involves finding a solution to a problem in eight directions, develops creative abilities of students; brainstorming - an operational method of problem solving based on stimulating the creative activity of students; the "fishbone" technique in the "head" of the skeleton students mark the problem under consideration, on the upper bones the causes of the problem under study are noted, on the lower bones during the reading they write facts that confirm the existence of the stated reasons, in the "tail" there is a conclusion on the researched issue; intelligence maps (mind maps, mental maps, "mind maps", memory maps) - a way of visual presentation of any structured information, a form of graphic expression; Edward de Bono's six thinking hats - the idea of parallel thinking: constructive thinking in which different points of view and approaches do not collide, but coexist, a simple and practical way of dividing the thinking process into six different modes, each of which is represented by a metaphorical hat of a certain color.Conclusions. The application of critical thinking technologies: the lotus flower, Edward de Bono's six hats, fishbone, brainstorming, intellectual maps allows to improve the quality of education using the integrative approach of pathophysiology, which will make it possible to effectively implement a competent approach and contribute to the formation of awareness of the practical activity of a doctor.