There's something in the water: an overview of jellyfish, their stings, and treatment.

IF 1.6 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH International Maritime Health Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.5603/IMH.2022.0034
Emma P DeLoughery
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

An increasing presence on many beaches worldwide, jellyfish are a diverse group of Cnidarians equipped with stinging cells termed cnidocytes. Though few of the over 10,000 species are dangerous to humans, and most that are produce no more than a painful sting, some jellyfish can produce systemic symptoms and even death. Chironex fleckeri, the Australian box jellyfish, has a venom potent enough to kill in less than 10 minutes, and for which there is an antivenom of debatable efficacy. Stings from Carukia barnesi can cause Irukandji syndrome, characterised by severe pain and hypertension. Jellyfish stings have also been associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome and anaphylaxis. Though optimal treatment of stings remains controversial, after removal from the water and addressing any immediate life threats, the tentacles should be removed and the area washed, with seawater being the best choice due to its low likelihood of inducing further cnidocyte discharge. Hot water immersion may be beneficial for pain control for non-tropical jellyfish stings, and cold packs for tropical stings. In general, there is no consensus for the optimal treatment of jellyfish stings, and so further research is needed into species-specific guidelines and whether there are any overarching rules.

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水里有一些东西:水母的概述,它们的刺和治疗。
水母越来越多地出现在世界各地的许多海滩上,水母是一种不同的刺胞动物,它们身上有刺胞细胞。尽管在超过10,000种的水母中,很少有对人类有害的,而且大多数只会产生疼痛的刺痛,但有些水母会产生全身症状,甚至死亡。Chironex fleckeri是一种澳大利亚箱形水母,它的毒液足以在不到10分钟内杀死人,而且抗蛇毒血清的功效值得商榷。巴氏卡鲁卡虫蜇伤可引起伊鲁坎吉综合征,其特征是剧烈疼痛和高血压。水母蜇伤也与格林-巴利综合征和过敏反应有关。尽管蜇伤的最佳治疗方法仍存在争议,但在从水中取出并解决任何直接的生命威胁后,应将触手移除并清洗该区域,海水是最佳选择,因为海水诱导刺胞细胞进一步放电的可能性较低。热水浸泡可能有利于控制非热带水母蜇伤的疼痛,而冷敷热带蜇伤。一般来说,对于水母蜇伤的最佳治疗方法尚无共识,因此需要进一步研究特定物种的指导方针以及是否有任何总体规则。
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来源期刊
International Maritime Health
International Maritime Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
13.60%
发文量
37
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊最新文献
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