No escape from tradition? Source country culture and gendered employment patterns among immigrants in Sweden

IF 1.8 Q2 SOCIOLOGY International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI:10.1080/00207659.2021.1978192
Ann-Sofie Grönlund, Malcolm Fairbrother
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Abstract The study aims to explore whether gendered family roles in the country of origin and the country of destination explain labor market outcomes for immigrants in Sweden. We examine the assumptions of the source country culture literature—that traditional gender norms in immigrants’ source countries drive women’s employment in the new country—by focusing on gender differences and exploring group- and individual-level mechanisms, notably, that of care responsibilities. Using Swedish register data, comprising more than 660 000 individuals from 110 source countries, we analyze the labor market establishment of immigrant women and men in 2016 with multi-level regressions. Findings show that the gender gap in employment is significantly larger among groups from countries with low female labor force participation. Much of this gap is explained by women’s care responsibilities, both at arrival and through continued fertility after arrival. Thus, even in Sweden, with longstanding policies promoting female employment, immigrant women’s employment is conditioned by the gender-traditionality of their source countries. The findings question the gender-equalizing power of welfare state institutions in the face of increasing immigration. However, education crucially affects the implications of cultural background and fertility. In future research, these mechanisms—including the group-level correlations—should be further explored to better pinpoint the obstacles facing women from traditional countries.
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无法逃离传统?瑞典移民的来源国文化和性别就业模式
摘要本研究旨在探讨原籍国和目的地国的性别家庭角色是否解释了瑞典移民的劳动力市场结果。我们研究了移民来源国文化文献的假设——移民来源国的传统性别规范推动了女性在新国家的就业——通过关注性别差异和探索群体和个人层面的机制,特别是照顾责任的机制。本文利用来自110个来源国的66万余人的瑞典登记数据,运用多层次回归分析了2016年移民男女劳动力市场的建立情况。研究结果表明,来自女性劳动力参与率低的国家的群体在就业方面的性别差距明显更大。这种差距在很大程度上可以解释为妇女在出生时和出生后继续生育所承担的照顾责任。因此,即使在有促进妇女就业的长期政策的瑞典,移民妇女的就业也受到其来源国性别传统的制约。调查结果质疑了福利国家机构在面对不断增加的移民时性别平等的力量。然而,教育对文化背景和生育率的影响至关重要。在未来的研究中,应该进一步探索这些机制,包括群体层面的相关性,以更好地确定传统国家妇女面临的障碍。
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CiteScore
4.00
自引率
4.80%
发文量
21
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