Assesment of Anticarcinogenic Activities of The Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum Extract on Mouse Leukemia In vivo and In vitro

Abstract

Marine environment biodiversity opens up new horizons in the quest for bioactive compounds that could be utilized as antitumor agents. Use of bioactive compounds from marine organisms has been used extensively in the past for the treatment of different diseases including cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which natural product extracts inhibit human cancer cell growth are essentially unknown. Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum is an important folk medicinal marine. It has anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and free radical scavenging properties. The objectives of present study are to investigatimg in vitro the antiproliferative activity of sarcophine extract on mouse Leukemia cells (L1210), also, we shall evaluate in vivo the antitumor activity of the soft coral S. glaucum extract against Mouse Leukemia cells (L1210), on mice (Swiss albino mice). The antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of the S. glaucum were determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion and the WST-1 cell proliferation tests. The underlying possible mechanism of cell death was investigated whether it is necrotic or apoptotic by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. The antitumor activity of the S. glaucum extract against mouse leukemia cell line, L1210, grown as ascites in mouse model. In vitro Results showed that S. glaucum inhibited L1210 cancer cells proliferation and induced apoptosis and that the apoptotic activities. The mechanism underlying cell death was due to induction of apoptosis, which was associated by DNA damage and morphological changes of the treated cells. In vivo study indicated that S. glaucum has ability to suppress cancer progression in treated animals. These findings indicate that the S. glaucum extract can be a candidate agent for fighting cancer.