DRIVER CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT UPON VEHICLE TRAFFIC SAFETY

Abstract

Of all the variety of operator’s activities a motor car driver’s work is difficult enough. It is stipulated by a number of reasons, for example, one has to control an object with some degrees of freedom, sometimes under conditions of time shortage and often in stress situations. At that the work of a driver continues to become more and more complicated, and the number of errors and their consequences grow. The work purpose: to investigate the impact of problems in vehicle control by a driver upon his health and reliability, to investigate mental and physiologic properties of a driver, the impact of his organs of sense upon reception and processing traffic information and vehicle driving. The investigations were carried out on the basis of methods described by Weber-Fechner’s law which expresses dependence between an objective value of irritation and subjective value characterizing the sensation of this irritation, by Walter’s law which offered a concept of the dynamic threshold of differential sensitivity, in the information reception take part mental processes – sensation, perception and thinking. In the paper there are described positive and negative driver’s properties on vehicle driving, at that considerable attention is paid to the matter of the impact of a mental and physiological state of driver’s constitution upon the reception and processing of information for the formation and realization of stable skills in driving using at that almost all sense organs. It is defined that at the reception of road traffic information by a driver there is formed in him an image reflecting in his consciousness a controlled process. As a physiological basis of the formation of this image is the activity of analyzers – a system consisting of three links: a receptor conducting nervous ways and an area of cerebrum, as a result of this there is formed an image in the driver which reflects in driver’s consciousness a controlled process that is a scientific novelty on the topic investigated. Research materials are of practical importance for the professional selection of drivers, their qualitative professional training as a result of that a driver will be capable to solve the most complex problems in ensuring traffic safety.