Asexual Embryogenesis via Callus of Theobroma cacao L.

Abstract

Callus of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) possessing embryogenic competence occurred spontaneously with two clones of asexual embryos proliferated in vitro in a hormone-free basal medium by hypocotylary budding. Asexual embryogenesis via callus occurred at low frequency in the hormone-free basal medium. High concentrations of 2,4-D plus coconut water stimulated callus production and suppressed embryo production. Maximum frequency and intensity of embryogenesis occurred at 10⁻³ to 10⁻² mg·l 2,4-D. Embryos originated from meristematic tissue at the periphery of callus clumps. During development asexual embryos either remained embedded in the callus or were connected through suspensor-like structures.