A Network approach to find poor orthostatic tolerance by simple tilt maneuvers.

Abstract

The approach introduced by Network Physiology intends to find and quantify connectedness between close- and far related aspects of a person's Physiome. In this study I applied a Network-inspired analysis to a set of measurement data that had been assembled to detect prospective orthostatic intolerant subjects among people who were destined to go into Space for a two weeks mission. The advantage of this approach being that it is essentially model-free: no complex physiological model is required to interpret the data. This type of analysis is essentially applicable to many datasets where individuals must be found that "stand out from the crowd". The dataset consists of physiological variables measured in 22 participants (4f/18 m; 12 prospective astronauts/cosmonauts, 10 healthy controls), in supine, + 30° and + 70° upright tilted positions. Steady state values of finger blood pressure and derived thereof: mean arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance; middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and end-tidal pCO2 in tilted position were (%)-normalized for each participant to the supine position. This yielded averaged responses for each variable, with statistical spread. All variables i.e., the "average person's response" and a set of %-values defining each participant are presented as radar plots to make each ensemble transparent. Multivariate analysis for all values resulted in obvious dependencies and some unexpected ones. Most interesting is how individual participants maintained their blood pressure and brain blood flow. In fact, 13/22 participants had all normalized Δ-values (i.e., the deviation from the group average, normalized for the standard deviation), both for +30° and +70°, within the 95% range. The remaining group demonstrated miscellaneous response patterns, with one or more larger Δ-values, however of no consequence for orthostasis. The values from one prospective cosmonaut stood out as suspect. However, early morning standing blood pressure within 12 h after return to Earth (without volume repletion) demonstrated no syncope. This study demonstrates an integrative way to model-free assess a large dataset, applying multivariate analysis and common sense derived from textbook physiology.