Neuro-protective potentials of N-acetylcysteine and zinc against di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate-induced neuro-histopathology and dys-regulations of Dopamine and Glutamate in rat brain.

Abstract

This study examined neuro-protective potentials of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Zinc on expression levels of Dopamine and Glutamate in the Cerebrum, Hypothalami and Pituitary Glands in Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6). Group 1 was control. Groups 2-6 received oral administrations of 100 mg/kg NAC, 0.5 mg/kg Zinc, 750 mg/kg DEHP, DEHP + NAC doses and DEHP + Zinc doses respectively for 21 days. Brain histology (Heamatoxyline and Eosine technique), histochemical and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays of Dopamine and Glutamate in homogenates of Cerebrum, Hypothalami and Pituitary Glands were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using One-way-ANOVA with Tukey-post-hoc test at p ≤ 0.05. Histo-pathological evaluations of Cerebrum, Hypothalami and Pituitary Glands showed gross histo-alterations and neurodegenerative changes (Group 4), mild histo- and neuro-degenerative changes (Groups 5 and 6) and normal histology (Group 1). Histochemical analyses showed higher Dopamine levels in Hypothalami (Group 5) and Pituitary Glands (Groups 5 and 6), compared with Group 4. Furthermore, results showed lower Glutamate levels in Cerebrum, Hypothalami and Pituitary Glands of Groups 5 and 6, compared with Group 4. Overall, NAC and Zinc conferred neuro-protection and histo-protection against DEHP-induced neuro-toxicity, neuro-histopathology, decreased Dopamine levels and increased Glutamate levels.