Slickline Descaling Technology Delivers Cost Savings Over Coiled Tubing

Tawakol Abdallah, A. Al-Fawwaz, Galal Eldaw, Wael Abdallah
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Abstract

Al-Khafji Joint Operations (KJO), a joint operation representing both Saudi and Kuwaiti energy interests in the divided zone, recently encountered obstructions in their offshore field. Routine pressure and temperature surveys revealed that an increasing number of wells were developing scale. The operation required an efficient mechanical tool to clean out extensive accumulated scale bridging within a vertical production string and restore full wellbore accessibility. The well had been previously shut down from operations for five years. The operator considered using a coiled tubing (CT) unit or workover rig to clear the scale but sought a more cost-effective solution. The operator chose a slickline wellbore cleanup and debris breaking tool, which is an impact-driven tool designed to break up scale deposits in a cost-effective, efficient manner. It is jarred down mechanically in the well, each jar applying a short-duration torque via the unique, helically split torque sub. The well's accessible tubing inner diameter was reduced from 2.9-in, nominal to 2-in, at the wireline reentry guide depth. To combat this issue, the slickline technology was deployed with subs increasing in outer diameter (OD) from 1.9-in. to 2.5-in. OD tools. The special features of the wellbore cleanup and debris breaking tool made it better adapted to the well environment and greatly increased the descaling efficiency. Thirty runs enabled the team to clear the scale accumulations down to 3,652 ft (1113 m). The operator confirmed integrity of the tubing at the end of the slickline operation, allowing the slickline team to access the wellbore and run a memory pressure temperature survey to check the well deliverability. The implementation of the wellbore cleanup and debris breaking tool enabled the operator to reduce inventory and overall descaling time. Microscopic and Fourier transform infrared analyses of the scale determined it was calcite (CaCO3) with some small hydrocarbon impurities from either oil or diesel. The descaling rate and cost savings achieved using the wellbore cleanup and debris breaking tool has since resulted in the operator adopting this technology and looking into the feasibility of starting a campaign for scale removal in more than 20 wells. The presence of calcite as a scaling agent is potentially due to the carbonate-saturated formation water and the loss of carbon dioxide from this water to the hydrocarbon phase as pressure decreases. Creating a detailed reservoir characterization that defines fracture orientation, relative aperture produced fluid analysis, and rock properties can help minimize the effect of scale at an early stage. Continuous well monitoring can lead to early identification of scale and determine the need for chemical treatment or further mechanical interventions. This case study demonstrates the benefits of using this wellbore cleanup and debris breaking tool as the first method of mechanical descaling.
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钢丝绳除鳞技术比连续油管节省成本
Al-Khafji联合作业(KJO)是代表沙特和科威特在分割区能源利益的联合作业,最近在海上油田遇到了障碍。常规压力和温度测量显示,越来越多的井正在形成规模。该作业需要一种高效的机械工具来清除垂直生产管柱内大量累积的结垢桥接,并恢复整个井筒的可达性。这口井此前已停产5年。作业者考虑使用连续油管(CT)装置或修井机来清除结垢,但寻求更具成本效益的解决方案。作业者选择了钢丝绳井筒清理和碎屑破碎工具,该工具是一种冲击驱动工具,旨在以经济高效的方式破碎结垢沉积物。它在井中被机械震动,每个震击器通过独特的螺旋扭矩短节施加短时间的扭矩。在电缆再入导向深度,井的可达油管内径从2.9英寸减小到2英寸。为了解决这个问题,采用了钢丝绳技术,将短节的外径(OD)从1.9英寸增加。——2.5。OD工具。井筒清理和破屑工具的特殊特性使其更好地适应井环境,大大提高了除垢效率。30次下入后,作业团队清除了3652英尺(1113米)的积垢。作业人员在钢丝绳作业结束时确认了油管的完整性,允许钢丝绳团队进入井筒,并进行记忆压力温度测量,以检查油井的产能。井筒清理和碎屑破碎工具的实施使作业者减少了库存和总体除垢时间。显微镜和傅里叶变换红外分析确定它是方解石(CaCO3)和一些来自石油或柴油的小碳氢化合物杂质。由于使用井筒清理和碎屑破碎工具实现了除垢速度和成本节约,因此作业者采用了该技术,并开始研究在20多口井中开展除垢活动的可行性。方解石作为结垢剂的存在可能是由于碳酸盐岩饱和的地层水,以及随着压力的降低,这些水中的二氧化碳会流失到烃相。建立详细的储层特征,定义裂缝方向、相对孔径产生的流体分析和岩石性质,有助于在早期将结垢的影响降至最低。连续的井监测可以早期识别结垢,并确定是否需要化学处理或进一步的机械干预。本案例研究证明了将这种井筒清理和碎屑破碎工具作为机械除垢的第一种方法的优势。
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