Talking back: Development of the olivocochlear efferent system.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI:10.1002/wdev.324
Michelle M Frank, Lisa V Goodrich
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引用次数: 27

Abstract

Developing sensory systems must coordinate the growth of neural circuitry spanning from receptors in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to multilayered networks within the central nervous system (CNS). This breadth presents particular challenges, as nascent processes must navigate across the CNS-PNS boundary and coalesce into a tightly intermingled wiring pattern, thereby enabling reliable integration from the PNS to the CNS and back. In the auditory system, feedforward spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from the periphery collect sound information via tonotopically organized connections in the cochlea and transmit this information to the brainstem for processing via the VIII cranial nerve. In turn, feedback olivocochlear neurons (OCNs) housed in the auditory brainstem send projections into the periphery, also through the VIII nerve. OCNs are motor neuron-like efferent cells that influence auditory processing within the cochlea and protect against noise damage in adult animals. These aligned feedforward and feedback systems develop in parallel, with SGN central axons reaching the developing auditory brainstem around the same time that the OCN axons extend out toward the developing inner ear. Recent findings have begun to unravel the genetic and molecular mechanisms that guide OCN development, from their origins in a generic pool of motor neuron precursors to their specialized roles as modulators of cochlear activity. One recurrent theme is the importance of efferent-afferent interactions, as afferent SGNs guide OCNs to their final locations within the sensory epithelium, and efferent OCNs shape the activity of the developing auditory system. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.

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回话:耳蜗传出系统的发展。
感觉系统的发育必须协调神经回路的生长,从周围神经系统(PNS)的受体到中枢神经系统(CNS)的多层网络。这种宽度带来了特殊的挑战,因为新生的过程必须跨越CNS-PNS边界并合并成紧密混合的布线模式,从而实现PNS与CNS之间的可靠集成。在听觉系统中,来自外周的前馈螺旋神经节神经元(sgn)通过耳蜗的tonotopically有组织的连接收集声音信息,并通过VIII颅神经将这些信息传递到脑干进行处理。反过来,位于听觉脑干中的反馈耳蜗神经元(ocn)也通过VIII神经向外周神经发送投射。ocn是运动神经元样的传出细胞,影响耳蜗内的听觉处理并保护成年动物免受噪音损伤。这些对齐的前馈和反馈系统平行发展,SGN中央轴突到达发育中的听觉脑干,与此同时OCN轴突向发育中的内耳延伸。最近的发现已经开始揭示指导OCN发育的遗传和分子机制,从它们在运动神经元前体的一般池中的起源到它们作为耳蜗活动调节剂的特殊作用。一个反复出现的主题是传出-传入相互作用的重要性,因为传入sgn引导ocn到达它们在感觉上皮内的最终位置,而传出ocn塑造发育中的听觉系统的活动。本文分类为:神经系统发育>脊椎动物:区域发展。
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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