Tissue Immunity in the Bladder.

IF 26.9 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-032117
Georgina S Bowyer, Kevin W Loudon, Ondrej Suchanek, Menna R Clatworthy
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Abstract

The bladder is a major component of the urinary tract, an organ system that expels metabolic waste and excess water, which necessitates proximity to the external environment and its pathogens. It also houses a commensal microbiome. Therefore, its tissue immunity must resist pathogen invasion while maintaining tolerance to commensals. Bacterial infection of the bladder is common, with half of women globally experiencing one or more episodes of cystitis in their lifetime. Despite this, our knowledge of bladder immunity, particularly in humans, is incomplete. Here we consider the current view of tissue immunity in the bladder, with a focus on defense against infection. The urothelium has robust immune functionality, and its defensive capabilities are supported by resident immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells. We discuss each in turn and consider why adaptive immune responses are often ineffective in preventing recurrent infection, as well as areas of priority for future research.

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膀胱组织免疫。
膀胱是泌尿道的主要组成部分,是排出代谢废物和多余水分的器官系统,因此必须接近外部环境及其病原体。膀胱中还存在共生微生物群。因此,膀胱的组织免疫必须在抵御病原体入侵的同时保持对共生微生物的耐受性。膀胱细菌感染很常见,全球有一半女性一生中会经历一次或多次膀胱炎。尽管如此,我们对膀胱免疫(尤其是人类膀胱免疫)的了解仍不全面。在此,我们对膀胱组织免疫的现有观点进行了探讨,重点是对感染的防御。尿路上皮细胞具有强大的免疫功能,其防御能力得到常驻免疫细胞的支持,包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞和 γδ T 细胞。我们将依次讨论每种免疫反应,并探讨为什么适应性免疫反应往往不能有效预防复发性感染,以及未来研究的重点领域。
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来源期刊
Annual review of immunology
Annual review of immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
57.20
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.
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