Evaluation of Retinal Microvascular Features in Patients with Amblyopia Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Abstract
Background: The performance of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in macular microvasculature of patients with amblyopia has been widely studied, but these studies have yielded different and controversial results.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate retinal microvascular features in patients with amblyopia undergoing OCTA.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for published articles comparing the retinal microvascular features between individuals with amblyopia and controls until April 2022. The mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess continuous variables.
Results: The analysis included 17 studies. The whole vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCPVD) was lower in amblyopic eyes (AE) than in normal eyes (NE) in 3 × 3 mm2 scans, while the perifoveal vessel density of superficial and deep capillary plexus was lower in 6 × 6 mm2 scans. The whole, parafoveal vessel density of deep capillary plexus (DCPVD) and parafoveal SCPVD were lower in both scans. The comparison between AE and fellow eyes (FE) revealed no statistical difference in all quadrants except the parafoveal and perifoveal SCPVD and the foveal DCPVD. Additionally, SCPVD in all quadrants except the fovea and DCPVD in all quadrants except the parafoveal were higher in FE compared to NE. No significant difference was found in the foveal avascular area between AE and NE, AE and FE, or NE and FE.
Conclusions: The retinal vessel density of superficial and deep capillary plexus in AE and FE was lower than in NE, and differences were more likely discovered using 6 × 6 mm2 scans. Consequently, OCTA might be explored as a diagnostic tool to identify and monitor patients with amblyopia.
背景：光学相干断层扫描血管造影术（OCTA）在弱视患者黄斑微血管中的表现已被广泛研究，但这些研究产生了不同且有争议的结果。目的：本研究的目的是研究接受OCTA的弱视患者的视网膜微血管特征。方法：检索PubMed、Embase和Web of Science发表的文章，比较2022年4月之前弱视患者和对照组的视网膜微静脉特征。95%置信区间的平均差用于评估连续变量。结果：分析包括17项研究。在3×3mm2扫描中，弱视眼（AE）浅表毛细血管丛（SCPVD）的全血管密度低于正常眼（NE），而在6×6mm2扫描中浅表和深部毛细血管丛的中央凹周围血管密度较低。两次扫描中，深毛细血管丛（DCPVD）和胸旁SCPVD的整体、胸旁血管密度均较低。AE和同眼（FE）之间的比较显示，除中央凹旁和中央凹周围SCPVD以及中央凹DCPVD外，所有象限均无统计学差异。此外，FE中除中央凹外的所有象限的SCPVD和除副中央凹外所有象限的DCPVD均高于NE。AE与NE、AE与FE或NE与FE在中央凹无血管区域没有显著差异。结论：AE与FE中浅、深毛细血管丛的视网膜血管密度低于NE，并且使用6×6mm2扫描更有可能发现差异。因此，OCTA可以作为一种诊断工具来识别和监测弱视患者。
期刊介绍：
''Ophthalmic Research'' features original papers and reviews reporting on translational and clinical studies. Authors from throughout the world cover research topics on every field in connection with physical, physiologic, pharmacological, biochemical and molecular biological aspects of ophthalmology. This journal also aims to provide a record of international clinical research for both researchers and clinicians in ophthalmology. Finally, the transfer of information from fundamental research to clinical research and clinical practice is particularly welcome.
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