[Situation and trends in dietary minerals intakes of adults aged 18-35 years in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China in 1989-2018].

Weiyi Li, Liusen Wang, Shaoshunzi Wang, Lixin Hao, Bing Zhang, Huijun Wang, Zhihong Wang, Hongru Jiang
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the current situation and long term trends in minerals intakes from 1989 to 2018 in adults aged 18 to 35 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China.

Methods: Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2018. Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. According to the dietary survey result of 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and weighing accounting method, the mineral intake was calculated and analyzed. Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary minerals intake with years. Comparing the dietary minerals intake with the dietary reference intakes, the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary minerals intake was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test. According to the different demographic characteristics in 2018, the minerals intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary minerals intake were analyzed.

Results: In 2018, the median intakes of dietary minerals of adults were 302.96 mg/d of calcium, 887.91 mg/d of phosphorus, 1451.69 mg/d of potassium, 3760.09 mg/d of sodium, 238.50 mg/d of magnesium, 19.40 mg/d of iron, 9.91 mg/d of zinc, 43.54 μg/d of selenium, 1.41 mg/d of copper and 4.59 mg/d of manganese, respectively, with significant gender differences(P<0.05). The intakes of dietary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(Z values were 3.00, 2.04 and 3.10, respectively, P<0.05). The dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper showed significant differences among regions, education levels and income levels. From 1989 to 2018, the dietary mineral intake of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China showed a downward trend, only selenium intake showed an upward trend, and the intake of men was higher than that of women. The proportion of people at risk of inadequate intake of dietary phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper showed an increasing trend year by year. In each survey year, the proportion of people at risk of insufficient calcium intake was more than 90%.

Conclusion: From 1989 to 2018, there was a risk of insufficient intake of minerals in adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the problem of inadequate calcium intake was serious.

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[1989-2018年中国15个省(区、市)18-35岁成年人膳食矿物质摄入量现状及趋势]。
目的:分析1989 - 2018年中国15个省(区、市)18 ~ 35岁成人矿物质摄入量现状及长期趋势。方法:基于1989 - 2018年中国健康与营养调查数据。研究对象为18至35岁的成年人。根据3天24小时膳食回顾法和称重核算法的膳食调查结果,计算和分析矿物质摄入量。采用非参数统计方法分析膳食矿物质摄入量随年份的变化趋势。将膳食矿物质摄取量与膳食参考摄取量进行比较,采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析膳食矿物质摄取量不足高危人群比例的变化趋势。根据2018年不同人口特征,分析矿物质摄入状况及膳食矿物质摄入不足人群比例。结果:2018年,成人膳食矿物质摄入量中位数分别为钙302.96 mg/d、磷887.91 mg/d、钾1451.69 mg/d、钠3760.09 mg/d、镁238.50 mg/d、铁19.40 mg/d、锌9.91 mg/d、硒43.54 μg/d、铜1.41 mg/d、锰4.59 mg/d,性别差异显著(P<0.05)。城市地区饲粮钙、磷、镁、钾、硒和铜的摄入量显著高于农村地区(Z值分别为3.00、2.04和3.10,P<0.05)。膳食中钙、磷、镁、钾、硒和铜的摄入量在地区、教育程度和收入水平之间存在显著差异。1989 - 2018年,中国15个省(区、市)18-35岁成人膳食矿物质钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰的摄入量呈下降趋势,只有硒的摄入量呈上升趋势,且男性的摄入量高于女性。膳食中磷、镁、铁、锌、铜摄入不足的危险人群比例呈逐年上升趋势。在各调查年度中,存在钙摄入不足风险的人群比例均在90%以上。结论:1989 - 2018年,全国15个省(区、市)18-35岁成人存在矿物质摄入不足风险,且钙摄入不足问题较为严重。
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