{"title":"Allelic variations of <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> genes in Japanese wheat varieties reveal the genotype-environment interaction for heading time.","authors":"Nobuyuki Mizuno, Hitoshi Matsunaka, Mikiko Yanaka, Masaru Nakata, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Akiko Nakamaru, Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe, Goro Ishikawa, Makiko Chono, Koichi Hatta, Masaya Fujita, Fuminori Kobayashi","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.22017","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The timing of heading is largely affected by environmental conditions. In wheat, <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> have been identified as the major genes involved in vernalization requirement and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively. To compare the effects of <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> alleles on heading time under different environments, we genotyped <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> homoeologues and measured the heading time at Morioka, Tsukuba and Chikugo in Japan for two growing seasons. A total of 128 Japanese and six foreign varieties, classified into four populations based on the 519 genome-wide SNPs, were used for analysis. Varieties with the spring alleles (<i>Vrn-D1a</i> or <i>Vrn-D1b</i>) at the <i>Vrn-D1</i> locus and insensitive allele (Hapl-I) at the <i>Ppd-D1</i> locus were found in earlier heading varieties. The effects of <i>Vrn-D1</i> and <i>Ppd-D1</i> on heading time were stronger than those of the other <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> homoeologues. Analysis of variance revealed that heading time was significantly affected by the genotype-environment interactions. Some <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> alleles conferred earlier or later heading in specific environments, indicating that the effect of both alleles on the timing of heading depends on the environment. Information on <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> alleles, together with heading time in various environments, provide useful information for wheat breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895800/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Breeding Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.22017","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/12/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The timing of heading is largely affected by environmental conditions. In wheat, Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 have been identified as the major genes involved in vernalization requirement and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively. To compare the effects of Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 alleles on heading time under different environments, we genotyped Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 homoeologues and measured the heading time at Morioka, Tsukuba and Chikugo in Japan for two growing seasons. A total of 128 Japanese and six foreign varieties, classified into four populations based on the 519 genome-wide SNPs, were used for analysis. Varieties with the spring alleles (Vrn-D1a or Vrn-D1b) at the Vrn-D1 locus and insensitive allele (Hapl-I) at the Ppd-D1 locus were found in earlier heading varieties. The effects of Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1 on heading time were stronger than those of the other Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 homoeologues. Analysis of variance revealed that heading time was significantly affected by the genotype-environment interactions. Some Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 alleles conferred earlier or later heading in specific environments, indicating that the effect of both alleles on the timing of heading depends on the environment. Information on Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 alleles, together with heading time in various environments, provide useful information for wheat breeding.
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