Clinical Profile of Pediatric Cases of Dengue during the 2019 Epidemic in Bangladesh: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Bangladesh experienced the largest dengue epidemic during 2019, with more than 100,000 confirmed cases and 164 deaths. Almost one-third of these cases were children. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and hematological manifestations of pediatric dengue cases during the epidemic. This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College Hospital and Tangail Sadar Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh between the period of June 2019 and September 2019. The study included 208 pediatric patients (age <18 years) with confirmed dengue fever. Patient's demographics, clinical and laboratory features of dengue were collected through patients' interview, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the patients' socio-demographic information, clinical presentations and hematological parameters. The majority of the patients were aged between 6 and 17 years with male predominance. The most commonly presented clinical manifestations were fever (100.0%), headache (59.0%), myalgia (42.0%), rash (36.0%), retro-orbital pain (28.0%) and diarrhea (24.0%). Warning signs abdominal pain (40.0%) and persistent vomiting (29.0%), bleeding manifestations such as melena (17.0%), gum bleeding (7.0%) and epistaxis (6.0%) and evidence of plasma leakage such as oliguria (3.4%), ascites (2.4%), pleural effusion (1.4%), and shock (1.0%) were also present in the patients. Raised HCT levels, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were present in almost 23.0%, 43.0% and 28.0% of children, respectively. Warning signs and plasma leakage were present in a substantial number of patients indicating potential risk of severe dengue. Prompt diagnosis and management based on best clinical judgment might prevent severe dengue at an early stage.