Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in Trendelenburg position - technical modifications for a pelvic kidney.

Abstract

14.6 g/dl to 11.9 g/dl. The histopathologic examination revealed an 808 g surgical specimen, 8.8*8.0*6.5 cm kidney, with 7.0*6.0*4.5 cm clear cell RCC, in the middle and infe - rior pole, G3 pT3aNxR0, with focal invasion of hilar and perirenal fat. There was also vascular invasion. In conclusion, this was a challenging but success - ful surgery, using only standard laparoscopic mate-rial. Robot-assistance or CT-scan 3D reconstruction might have been helpful, if available, but we showed these are not essential