Betul Rauf, Rotem Perach, Juan J. Madrid-Valero, Dan Denis, Brian A. Sharpless, Hope Farron, Christopher C. French, Alice M. Gregory
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Night-time is a period of great significance for many people who report paranormal experiences. However, there is limited understanding of the associations between sleep variables and seemingly paranormal experiences and/or beliefs. The aim of this review is to improve our understanding of these associations while unifying a currently fragmented literature-base into a structured, practical review. In this pre-registered scoping review, we searched for relevant studies in MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Web of Science and EMBASE using terms related to sleep and ostensibly paranormal experiences and beliefs. Forty-four studies met all inclusion criteria. All were cross-sectional and most investigated sleep paralysis and/or lucid dreaming in relation to ostensibly paranormal experiences and paranormal beliefs. Overall, there were positive associations between many sleep variables (including sleep paralysis, lucid dreams, nightmares, and hypnagogic hallucinations) and ostensibly paranormal experiences and paranormal beliefs (including those of ghosts, spirits, and near-death experiences). The findings of this review have potential clinical implications such as reducing misdiagnosis and treatment development and provide foundations for further research. Our findings also highlight the importance of understanding why so many people report ‘things that go bump in the night’.
对于许多报告超自然经历的人来说,夜间是一个意义重大的时期。然而,人们对睡眠变量与看似超自然的经历和/或信仰之间的联系了解有限。这篇综述的目的是提高我们对这些关联的理解,同时将目前零散的文献基础统一为一篇结构化的、实用的综述。在这篇预先注册的范围界定综述中,我们在MEDLINE(PubMed)、PsycINFO(EBSCO)、Web of Science和EMBASE中搜索了相关研究,使用了与睡眠和表面上的超自然体验和信念相关的术语。44项研究符合所有纳入标准。所有这些都是横断面的,调查最多的是与表面上的超自然经历和超自然信仰有关的睡眠瘫痪和/或清醒梦。总体而言,许多睡眠变量(包括睡眠瘫痪、清醒梦、噩梦和催眠幻觉)与表面上的超自然体验和超自然信念(包括鬼魂、灵魂和濒死体验)之间存在正相关。这篇综述的发现具有潜在的临床意义,如减少误诊和治疗发展,并为进一步研究提供基础。我们的研究结果还强调了理解为什么这么多人报告“晚上会撞到东西”的重要性。
期刊介绍:
The British Journal of Psychology publishes original research on all aspects of general psychology including cognition; health and clinical psychology; developmental, social and occupational psychology. For information on specific requirements, please view Notes for Contributors. We attract a large number of international submissions each year which make major contributions across the range of psychology.