Efficient Preparation of a Magnetic Helical Carbon Nanomotor for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery

Abstract

The applications of nanomotors in the biomedical field have been attracting extensive attention. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate nanomotors in a facile way and effectively load drugs for active targeted therapy. In this work, we combine the microwave heating method and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to fabricate magnetic helical nanomotors efficiently. The microwave heating method can accelerate intermolecular movement, which converts kinetic energy into heat energy and shortens the preparation time of the catalyst used for carbon nanocoil (CNC) synthesis by 15 times. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are in situ nucleated on the CNC surface by the microwave heating method to fabricate magnetically driven CNC/Fe₃O₄ nanomotors. In addition, we achieved precise control of the magnetically driven CNC/Fe₃O₄ nanomotors through remote manipulation of magnetic fields. Anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is then efficiently loaded onto the nanomotors via π–π stacking interactions. Finally, the drug-loaded CNC/Fe₃O₄@DOX nanomotor can accurately accomplish cell targeting under external magnetic field control. Under short-time irradiation of near-infrared light, DOX can be quickly released onto target cells to effectively kill the cells. More importantly, CNC/Fe₃O₄@DOX nanomotors allow for single-cell or cell-cluster-targeted anticancer drug delivery, providing a dexterous platform to potentially perform many medically relevant tasks in vivo. The efficient preparation method and application in drug delivery are beneficial for future industrial production and provide inspiration for advanced micro/nanorobotic systems using the CNC as a carrier for a wide range of biomedical applications.