3D printed bionic ear and microtia-anotia: Medical and forensic implications

Abstract

Advances in science and technology result in continuous upgrading of the medical and clinical fields. These upgrades have been beneficial to many patients suffering from congenital and developmental diseases causing compromised functionality as well as the structural integrity of the affected organs. One such congenital anomaly is the microtia‐anotia spectrum, which results in deformities of the external ear, affecting the hearing capability of an individual. The collaboration and integration of electronics in human biology are exemplified by the development of a 3D printed cyborg bionic ear from the patient's own cells, which is implanted to ameliorate microtia and improve the patient's hearing capacity. Since the late nineteenth century, forensic scientists have explored the external ear, establishing the significance of ear biometrics in the identification process. Similarly, ear prints can also play an important role in identifying the felon of a crime. In this regard, we examine the structure and functionality of implanted ears. This communication is an attempt to enlighten investigators on the forensic importance and limitations of the use of bionic ears for identification.