{"title":"Effect of Acidic Solutions on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Indirect Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Hui Yang, Song Yang, Thomas Attin, Hao Yu","doi":"10.11607/ijp.7463","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of acidic solutions on the surface roughness (SR) and surface microhardness (SMH) of indirect restorative materials by analyzing in vivo and in vitro studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Studies comparing the SR and SMH of indirect restorative materials after erosion were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were conducted with a random-effects model at a significance level of P < .05 using Review Manager software (Cochrane Collaboration). The literature search was conducted using Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), and the Cochrane Library, with no limitations on publication year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,097 potentially relevant studies, 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 16 articles were included in the systematic review, and 15 were included in the meta-analyses. The kappa score between the two reviewers was 0.80. The effects of erosion on ceramics, indirect composites, and hybrid ceramics were evaluated by immersion in or rinsing with acidic solutions (eg, hydrochloric acid [HCl], cola drinks, and juices). An increase in the SR (Ra values) (P < .00001; mean difference [MD] = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.06 to -0.03) and a decrease in the SMH (Vickers microhardness) (P < .00001; MD = 13.94; 95% CI = 12.33 to 15.55) were found after erosion. Subgroup analyses revealed that in vitro erosion led to significantly higher Ra values and lower VHN values than in vivo erosion; cola drinks and juices led to more surface degradation than HCl; and the SR and SMH of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials remained unchanged after erosion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After acidic challenges, a significantly rougher and softened surface was found for indirect restorative materials. Among all the indirect restorative materials, PICN showed the best acid resistance. Nevertheless, the changes in the SR and SMH of indirect restorative materials after erosion detected in the present study were minor and may not have any clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50292,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Prosthodontics","volume":"36 1","pages":"81–90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Prosthodontics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.7463","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of acidic solutions on the surface roughness (SR) and surface microhardness (SMH) of indirect restorative materials by analyzing in vivo and in vitro studies.
Materials and methods: Studies comparing the SR and SMH of indirect restorative materials after erosion were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were conducted with a random-effects model at a significance level of P < .05 using Review Manager software (Cochrane Collaboration). The literature search was conducted using Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), and the Cochrane Library, with no limitations on publication year.
Results: Of the 1,097 potentially relevant studies, 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 16 articles were included in the systematic review, and 15 were included in the meta-analyses. The kappa score between the two reviewers was 0.80. The effects of erosion on ceramics, indirect composites, and hybrid ceramics were evaluated by immersion in or rinsing with acidic solutions (eg, hydrochloric acid [HCl], cola drinks, and juices). An increase in the SR (Ra values) (P < .00001; mean difference [MD] = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.06 to -0.03) and a decrease in the SMH (Vickers microhardness) (P < .00001; MD = 13.94; 95% CI = 12.33 to 15.55) were found after erosion. Subgroup analyses revealed that in vitro erosion led to significantly higher Ra values and lower VHN values than in vivo erosion; cola drinks and juices led to more surface degradation than HCl; and the SR and SMH of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials remained unchanged after erosion.
Conclusion: After acidic challenges, a significantly rougher and softened surface was found for indirect restorative materials. Among all the indirect restorative materials, PICN showed the best acid resistance. Nevertheless, the changes in the SR and SMH of indirect restorative materials after erosion detected in the present study were minor and may not have any clinical significance.
目的：通过体内外实验分析，评价酸性溶液对间接修复材料表面粗糙度（SR）和表面显微硬度（SMH）的影响。材料和方法：荟萃分析包括比较侵蚀后间接修复材料的SR和SMH的研究。使用Review Manager软件（Cochrane Collaboration），采用显著性水平为P<.05的随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。文献检索使用Web of Science、MEDLINE（PubMed）和Cochrane图书馆进行，不受出版年份的限制。结果：在1097项潜在相关研究中，32篇全文文章被评估为合格。共有16篇文章被纳入系统综述，15篇被纳入荟萃分析。两位评审员之间的kappa评分为0.80。侵蚀对陶瓷、间接复合材料和混合陶瓷的影响通过浸入酸性溶液（如盐酸[HCl]、可乐饮料和果汁）或用酸性溶液漂洗来评估。侵蚀后，SR（Ra值）增加（P<.00001；平均差[MD]=0.04；95%CI=0.06至-0.03），SMH（维氏显微硬度）降低（P<0.00001；MD=13.94；95%CI=12.33至15.55）。亚组分析显示，体外侵蚀导致比体内侵蚀显著更高的Ra值和更低的VHN值；可乐饮料和果汁比盐酸导致更多的表面降解；聚合物渗透陶瓷网络（PICN）材料的SR和SMH在侵蚀后保持不变。结论：在酸性激发后，发现间接修复材料的表面明显粗糙和软化。在所有的间接修复材料中，PICN表现出最好的耐酸性。然而，在本研究中检测到的侵蚀后间接修复材料的SR和SMH的变化很小，可能没有任何临床意义。
期刊介绍：
Official Journal of the European Association for Osseointegration (EAO), the International College of Prosthodontists (ICP), the German Society of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science (DGPro), and the Italian Academy of Prosthetic Dentistry (AIOP)
Prosthodontics demands a clinical research emphasis on patient- and dentist-mediated concerns in the management of oral rehabilitation needs. It is about making and implementing the best clinical decisions to enhance patients'' quality of life via applied biologic architecture - a role that far exceeds that of traditional prosthetic dentistry, with its emphasis on materials and techniques. The International Journal of Prosthodontics is dedicated to exploring and developing this conceptual shift in the role of today''s prosthodontist, clinician, and educator alike. The editorial board is composed of a distinguished team of leading international scholars.
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