Reconciling Mouse and Human Immunology at the Altar of Genetics.

IF 26.9 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-12-16 DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201
Philippe Gros, Jean-Laurent Casanova
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Abstract

Immunity to infection has been extensively studied in humans and mice bearing naturally occurring or experimentally introduced germline mutations. Mouse studies are sometimes neglected by human immunologists, on the basis that mice are not humans and the infections studied are experimental and not natural. Conversely, human studies are sometimes neglected by mouse immunologists, on the basis of the uncontrolled conditions of study and small numbers of patients. However, both sides would agree that the infectious phenotypes of patients with inborn errors of immunity often differ from those of the corresponding mutant mice. Why is that? We argue that this important question is best addressed by revisiting and reinterpreting the findings of both mouse and human studies from a genetic perspective. Greater caution is required for reverse-genetics studies than for forward-genetics studies, but genetic analysis is sufficiently strong to define the studies likely to stand the test of time. Genetically robust mouse and human studies can provide invaluable complementary insights into the mechanisms of immunity to infection common and specific to these two species.

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在遗传学的祭坛上调和小鼠与人类的免疫学。
人类和带有自然发生或实验性种系突变的小鼠对感染的免疫力进行了广泛的研究。人类免疫学家有时会忽视小鼠研究,理由是小鼠不是人类,所研究的感染是实验性的,不是天然的。相反,小鼠免疫学家有时也会忽视人类研究,理由是研究条件不受控制,患者人数少。不过,双方都同意,先天性免疫错误患者的感染表型往往不同于相应的突变小鼠。这是为什么呢?我们认为,要解决这一重要问题,最好从遗传学的角度重新审视和解释小鼠和人类的研究结果。与正向遗传学研究相比,反向遗传学研究需要更加谨慎,但遗传学分析足以确定哪些研究可能经得起时间的考验。基因强大的小鼠和人类研究可以提供宝贵的互补性见解,帮助人们了解这两个物种常见和特有的感染免疫机制。
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来源期刊
Annual review of immunology
Annual review of immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
57.20
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.
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