{"title":"Development and validation of the online learning process questionnaire (OLPQ) at home for primary-school children and their caregivers.","authors":"Joseph Hin Yan Lam, Shelley Xiuli Tong","doi":"10.1007/s10984-022-09443-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the increasing use of virtual modalities in schools since the COVID-19 pandemic, no systematic tools exist to evaluate the process of online learning. We developed and validated an Online Learning Process Questionnaire (OLPQ) for assessing online at-home learning among 219 Hong Kong primary-school students and 474 caregivers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of caregivers' data classified the 58-item OLPQ into 11 subscales: (1) learning aims, (2) environmental structuring, (3) learning environment, (4) time management, (5) engagement in learning activities, (6) persistence, (7) interaction between teachers and students, (8) interaction among students, (9) feedback from the interface, (10) application of learning, and (11) meaning of learning under three learning phases. Confirmatory factor analysis of students' data further categorized the 11-subscale framework into three learning phases: preparatory, performance, and transfer. The OLPQ demonstrated excellent reliability and discriminant validity across caregiver (Cronbach's alpha = 0.98) and student samples (alpha = 0.98). These findings indicate that the OLPQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the online at-home learning process among both students and their caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":39853,"journal":{"name":"LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH","volume":"26 2","pages":"515-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9734829/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09443-9","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/12/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of virtual modalities in schools since the COVID-19 pandemic, no systematic tools exist to evaluate the process of online learning. We developed and validated an Online Learning Process Questionnaire (OLPQ) for assessing online at-home learning among 219 Hong Kong primary-school students and 474 caregivers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of caregivers' data classified the 58-item OLPQ into 11 subscales: (1) learning aims, (2) environmental structuring, (3) learning environment, (4) time management, (5) engagement in learning activities, (6) persistence, (7) interaction between teachers and students, (8) interaction among students, (9) feedback from the interface, (10) application of learning, and (11) meaning of learning under three learning phases. Confirmatory factor analysis of students' data further categorized the 11-subscale framework into three learning phases: preparatory, performance, and transfer. The OLPQ demonstrated excellent reliability and discriminant validity across caregiver (Cronbach's alpha = 0.98) and student samples (alpha = 0.98). These findings indicate that the OLPQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the online at-home learning process among both students and their caregivers.
期刊介绍：
Learning Environments Research publishes original academic papers dealing with the study of learning environments, including theoretical reflections, reports of quantitative and qualitative research, critical and integrative literature reviews and meta-analyses, discussion of methodological issues, reports of the development and validation of assessment instruments, and reviews of books and evaluation instruments. The scope of the journal deliberately is very broad in terms of both substance and methods. `Learning environment'' refers to the social, physical, psychological and pedagogical contexts in which learning occurs and which affect student achievement and attitudes. The aim of the journal is to increase our understanding of pre-primary, primary, high school, college and university, and lifelong learning environments irrespective of subject area. Apart from classroom-level and school-level environments, special attention is given to the many out-of-school learning environments such as the home, science centres, and television, etc. The influence of the rapidly developing field of Information Technology with its whole new range of learning environments is an important aspect of the scope of the journal. A wide range of qualitative and quantitative methods for studying learning enviromnents, and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, are strongly encouraged. The journal has an affiliation with the American Educational Research Association''s Special Interest Group on the Study of Learning Environments. However, having Regional Editors and an Editorial Board from around the world ensures that LER is a truly international journal.
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