Epigenetic Signatures and Plasticity of Intestinal and Other Stem Cells.

IF 15.7 1区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034520
Madhurima Saxena, Ramesh A Shivdasani
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The cardinal properties of adult tissue stem cells are self-renewal and the ability to generate diverse resident cell types. The daily losses of terminally differentiated intestinal, skin, and blood cells require "professional" stem cells to produce replacements. This occurs by continuous expansion of stem cells and their immediate progeny, followed by coordinated activation of divergent transcriptional programs to generate stable cells with diverse functions. Other tissues turn over slowly, if at all, and vary widely in strategies for facultative stem cell activity or interconversion among mature resident cell types (transdifferentiation). Cell fate potential is programmed in tissue-specific configurations of chromatin, which restrict the complement of available genes and cis-regulatory elements, hence allowing specific cell types to arise. Using as a model the transcriptional and chromatin basis of cell differentiation and dedifferentiation in intestinal crypts, we discuss here how self-renewing and other tissues execute homeostatic and injury-responsive stem cell activity.

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肠和其他干细胞的表观遗传特征和可塑性。
成体组织干细胞的主要特性是自我更新和产生多种常驻细胞类型的能力。小肠、皮肤和血液细胞的最终分化每天都在损失,这需要“专业”的干细胞来产生替代品。这是通过干细胞及其直系后代的持续扩增,然后协调激活不同的转录程序来产生具有多种功能的稳定细胞来实现的。其他组织如果有的话,也会翻转得很慢,并且在兼性干细胞活性或成熟常驻细胞类型(转分化)之间的相互转化策略上差异很大。细胞命运潜能是在染色质的组织特异性配置中被编程的,它限制了可用基因和顺式调控元件的补充,因此允许特定细胞类型的出现。以肠隐窝细胞分化和去分化的转录和染色质基础为模型,我们在这里讨论了自我更新和其他组织如何执行稳态和损伤反应性干细胞活动。
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来源期刊
Annual review of physiology
Annual review of physiology 医学-生理学
CiteScore
35.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: Since 1939, the Annual Review of Physiology has been highlighting significant developments in animal physiology. The journal covers diverse areas, including cardiovascular physiology, cell physiology, ecological, evolutionary, and comparative physiology, endocrinology, gastrointestinal physiology, neurophysiology, renal and electrolyte physiology, respiratory physiology, and special topics.
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