Assessment of chemical facility ethylene oxide emissions using mobile and multipoint monitoring

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmospheric Environment: X Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100214
Eben D. Thoma , Ali Gitipour , Ingrid George , Peter Kariher , Megan MacDonald , Gustavo Queiroz , Parikshit Deshmukh , Josh Childers , Tim Rodak , Volker Schmid
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Abstract

Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a hazardous air pollutant that can be emitted from a variety of difficult to measure industrial sources, such as fugitive leaks, wastewater handling, and episodic releases. Emerging next generation emission measurement (NGEM) approaches capable of time-resolved, low parts per billion by volume (ppbv) method detection limits (MDLs) can help facilities understand and reduce EtO and other air pollutant emissions from these sources yielding a range of environmental and public health benefits. In October 2021, a first of its kind 4-day observational study was conducted at an EtO chemical facility in the midwestern United States. The study had dual objectives to both improve understanding of EtO emission sources within the facility and advance NGEM methods. Using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) instruments, a combination of mobile surveys and stationary multipoint process unit monitoring assessed EtO concentrations in and near facility operations, while testing and comparing measurement methods. The study concluded that four main areas of EtO source emissions existed within the facility, each possessing unique emission characteristics. Episodic EtO emissions from supply railcar switchovers and batch reactor washouts, lasting seconds to minutes in duration, produced EtO concentrations exceeding 500 ppbv inside the process unit in some cases. In one instance, EtO at ∼30 ppbv was briefly observed hundreds of meters from the process unit. Lower level but more sustained EtO concentrations were observed near an EtO transfer pump and wastewater tank outfall and drain system. Overall, 4.6% of mobile survey data were above the 1.2 ppbv mobile test MDL while the nine stationary sampling locations ranged from 17.7% to 82.8% of data above the 1.0 ppbv multipoint test MDL. This paper describes the EtO emissions observed in and near the four defined source areas within the facility and provides details of the NGEM method development advances accomplished as part of the study.

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利用移动和多点监测评估化学设施环氧乙烷排放
环氧乙烷(EtO)是一种危险的空气污染物,可从各种难以测量的工业来源排放,如无组织泄漏、废水处理和偶发性排放。新兴的下一代排放测量(NGEM)方法能够实现时间分辨、低体积百分比(ppbv)方法检测限值(MDL),可以帮助企业了解并减少这些来源的EtO和其他空气污染物排放,从而产生一系列环境和公共健康效益。2021年10月,在美国中西部的EtO化学设施进行了首次为期4天的观测研究。该研究的双重目标是提高对设施内EtO排放源的了解,并推进NGEM方法。使用腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)仪器,结合移动调查和固定多点工艺装置监测,评估了设施运行中和附近的EtO浓度,同时测试和比较了测量方法。该研究得出结论,设施内存在四个主要的EtO源排放区域,每个区域都具有独特的排放特征。供应轨道车切换和间歇式反应器冲洗产生的EtO偶发性排放持续数秒至数分钟,在某些情况下,工艺装置内产生的EtO浓度超过500 ppbv。在一个例子中,在距离工艺装置数百米的地方短暂观察到了约30 ppbv的EtO。在EtO输送泵和废水池排水口和排水系统附近观察到较低水平但更持久的EtO浓度。总体而言,4.6%的移动调查数据高于1.2 ppbv移动测试MDL,而9个固定采样点的数据范围为17.7%-82.8%,高于1.0 ppbv多点测试MDL。本文描述了在设施内四个确定的源区及其附近观察到的EtO排放,并提供了作为研究一部分完成的NGEM方法开发进展的详细信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment: X
Atmospheric Environment: X Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12 weeks
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