Manual scavenging and the right to health in India - social and medicolegal perspectives.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q1 LAW Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI:10.1177/00258024221126098
Jai Mala, Roger W Byard, Navpreet Kaur
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Abstract

Manual scavenging in India refers to the manual removal of human excreta from private dwellings and facilities maintained by municipal authorities. Human waste is collected from public streets and pit latrines, sewers and gutters, and septic tanks with bare hands, brooms or metal scrapers, placed into woven baskets or buckets, and then carried to disposal sites. The work is generally restricted to those occupying the lowest levels of the Indian caste system. Manual scavengers suffer from considerable societal disadvantages in addition to increased morbidity and mortality, associated with drowning in sewage, and to exposure to asphyxiating gases and to a wide variety of local and systemic infectious diseases. Life expectancy is shortened. Despite the passage of various national laws and periodic intervention by the courts, the 'dehumanising' practice of manual scavenging continues. In 2021 the National Human Rights Commission stated that claims that there are no manual scavengers in particular states in India are simply untrue.

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印度的人工拾荒与健康权——社会和医学视角。
在印度,人工清除是指手工清除私人住宅和市政当局维护的设施中的人类排泄物。人类排泄物是徒手、扫帚或金属刮刀从公共街道、坑式厕所、下水道和排水沟以及化粪池收集的,放入编织的篮子或桶中,然后运到处置地点。这项工作通常仅限于那些占据印度种姓制度最低层次的人。人工拾捡者除了因在污水中溺水、暴露于窒息性气体和各种各样的局部和全身传染病而导致发病率和死亡率增加外,还在社会上处于相当不利的地位。预期寿命缩短。尽管通过了各种国家法律和法院的定期干预,人工拾荒的“非人性化”做法仍在继续。2021年,国家人权委员会表示,印度某些邦没有人工拾荒者的说法是不真实的。
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来源期刊
Medicine, Science and the Law
Medicine, Science and the Law 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
53
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Medicine, Science and the Law is the official journal of the British Academy for Forensic Sciences (BAFS). It is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the knowledge of forensic science and medicine. The journal aims to inform its readers from a broad perspective and demonstrate the interrelated nature and scope of the forensic disciplines. Through a variety of authoritative research articles submitted from across the globe, it covers a range of topical medico-legal issues. The journal keeps its readers informed of developments and trends through reporting, discussing and debating current issues of importance in forensic practice.
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