Andreas Houben, Yannick Meinerzhagen, Noah Nachtigall, Philipp Jacobs, Richard Dronskowski
{"title":"POWTEX visits POWGEN.","authors":"Andreas Houben, Yannick Meinerzhagen, Noah Nachtigall, Philipp Jacobs, Richard Dronskowski","doi":"10.1107/S1600576723002819","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high-intensity time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffractometer POWTEX for powder and texture analysis is currently being built prior to operation in the eastern guide hall of the research reactor FRM II at Garching close to Munich, Germany. Because of the world-wide <sup>3</sup>He crisis in 2009, the authors promptly initiated the development of <sup>3</sup>He-free detector alternatives that are tailor-made for the requirements of large-area diffractometers. Herein is reported the 2017 enterprise to operate one mounting unit of the final POWTEX detector on the neutron powder diffractometer POWGEN at the Spallation Neutron Source located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. As a result, presented here are the first angular- and wavelength-dependent data from the POWTEX detector, unfortunately damaged by a 50<i>g</i> shock but still operating, as well as the efforts made both to characterize the transport damage and to successfully recalibrate the voxel positions in order to yield nonetheless reliable measurements. Also described is the current data reduction process using the <i>PowderReduceP2D</i> algorithm implemented in <i>Mantid</i> [Arnold <i>et al.</i> (2014). <i>Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A</i>, <b>764</b>, 156-166]. The final part of the data treatment chain, namely a novel multi-dimensional refinement using a modified version of the <i>GSAS-II</i> software suite [Toby & Von Dreele (2013). <i>J. Appl. Cryst.</i><b>46</b>, 544-549], is compared with a standard data treatment of the same event data conventionally reduced as TOF diffraction patterns and refined with the unmodified version of <i>GSAS-II</i>. This involves both determining the instrumental resolution parameters using POWGEN's powdered diamond standard sample and the refinement of a friendly-user sample, BaZn(NCN)<sub>2</sub>. Although each structural parameter on its own looks similar upon comparing the conventional (1D) and multi-dimensional (2D) treatments, also in terms of precision, a closer view shows small but possibly significant differences. For example, the somewhat suspicious proximity of the <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> lattice parameters of BaZn(NCN)<sub>2</sub> crystallizing in <i>Pbca</i> as resulting from the 1D refinement (0.008 Å) is five times less pronounced in the 2D refinement (0.038 Å). Similar features are found when comparing bond lengths and bond angles, <i>e.g.</i> the two N-C-N units are less differently bent in the 1D results (173 and 175°) than in the 2D results (167 and 173°). The results are of importance not only for POWTEX but also for other neutron TOF diffractometers with large-area detectors, like POWGEN at the SNS or the future DREAM beamline at the European Spallation Source.</p>","PeriodicalId":14950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Crystallography","volume":"56 Pt 3","pages":"633-642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241063/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Applied Crystallography","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723002819","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The high-intensity time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffractometer POWTEX for powder and texture analysis is currently being built prior to operation in the eastern guide hall of the research reactor FRM II at Garching close to Munich, Germany. Because of the world-wide 3He crisis in 2009, the authors promptly initiated the development of 3He-free detector alternatives that are tailor-made for the requirements of large-area diffractometers. Herein is reported the 2017 enterprise to operate one mounting unit of the final POWTEX detector on the neutron powder diffractometer POWGEN at the Spallation Neutron Source located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. As a result, presented here are the first angular- and wavelength-dependent data from the POWTEX detector, unfortunately damaged by a 50g shock but still operating, as well as the efforts made both to characterize the transport damage and to successfully recalibrate the voxel positions in order to yield nonetheless reliable measurements. Also described is the current data reduction process using the PowderReduceP2D algorithm implemented in Mantid [Arnold et al. (2014). Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 764, 156-166]. The final part of the data treatment chain, namely a novel multi-dimensional refinement using a modified version of the GSAS-II software suite [Toby & Von Dreele (2013). J. Appl. Cryst.46, 544-549], is compared with a standard data treatment of the same event data conventionally reduced as TOF diffraction patterns and refined with the unmodified version of GSAS-II. This involves both determining the instrumental resolution parameters using POWGEN's powdered diamond standard sample and the refinement of a friendly-user sample, BaZn(NCN)2. Although each structural parameter on its own looks similar upon comparing the conventional (1D) and multi-dimensional (2D) treatments, also in terms of precision, a closer view shows small but possibly significant differences. For example, the somewhat suspicious proximity of the a and b lattice parameters of BaZn(NCN)2 crystallizing in Pbca as resulting from the 1D refinement (0.008 Å) is five times less pronounced in the 2D refinement (0.038 Å). Similar features are found when comparing bond lengths and bond angles, e.g. the two N-C-N units are less differently bent in the 1D results (173 and 175°) than in the 2D results (167 and 173°). The results are of importance not only for POWTEX but also for other neutron TOF diffractometers with large-area detectors, like POWGEN at the SNS or the future DREAM beamline at the European Spallation Source.
期刊介绍:
Many research topics in condensed matter research, materials science and the life sciences make use of crystallographic methods to study crystalline and non-crystalline matter with neutrons, X-rays and electrons. Articles published in the Journal of Applied Crystallography focus on these methods and their use in identifying structural and diffusion-controlled phase transformations, structure-property relationships, structural changes of defects, interfaces and surfaces, etc. Developments of instrumentation and crystallographic apparatus, theory and interpretation, numerical analysis and other related subjects are also covered. The journal is the primary place where crystallographic computer program information is published.