Melioidosis in Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca Fascicularis ) Imported to the United States from Cambodia.

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000024
Sara J Taetzsch, Erin M Swaney, Jay E Gee, Pablo M Hidalgo, Kelly R Broussard, Roosecelis B Martines, David D Blaney, G Gale Galland, Christopher A Gulvik, Chung K Marston, Lindy Liu, Mindy G Elrod, Marlene DeLeon-Carnes, Ronald D Tyler, William A Bower, Julu Bhatnager, Clive M Brown, Emily G Pieracci, Zachary P Weiner
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Abstract

Melioidosis, a potentially fatal infectious disease of humans and animals, including nonhuman primates (NHPs), is caused by the high-consequence pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. This environmental bacterium is found in the soil and water of tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, where melioidosis is endemic. The global movement of humans and animals can introduce B. pseudomallei into nonendemic regions of the United States, where environmental conditions could allow establishment of the organism. Approximately 60% of NHPs imported into the United States originate in countries considered endemic for melioidosis. To prevent the introduction of infectious agents to the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requires newly imported NHPs to be quarantined for at least 31 d, during which time their health is closely monitored. Most diseases of public health concern that are transmissible from imported NHPs have relatively short incubation periods that fall within the 31-d quarantine period. However, animals infected with B. pseudomallei may appear healthy for months to years before showing signs of illness, during which time they can shed the organism into the environment. Melioidosis presents diagnostic challenges because it causes nonspecific clinical signs, serologic screening can produce unreliable results, and culture isolates are often misidentified on rapid commercial testing systems. Here, we present a case of melioidosis in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) that developed a subcutaneous abscess after importation from Cambodia to the United States. The bacterial isolate from the abscess was initially misidentified on a commercial test. This case emphasizes the possibility of melioidosis in NHPs imported from endemic countries and its associated diagnostic challenges. If melioidosis is suspected, diagnostic samples and culture isolates should be submitted to a laboratory in the CDC Laboratory Response Network for conclusive identification and characterization of the pathogen.

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从柬埔寨进口到美国的食蟹猴(Macaca Fascicularis)的类鼻疽病。
类鼻疽病是人类和动物,包括非人灵长类动物(NHPs)的一种潜在致命传染病,由后果严重的假麦氏伯克氏菌引起。这种环境细菌存在于热带地区的土壤和水中,如东南亚,那里是类鼻疽病的地方病。人类和动物的全球运动可以将假假芽孢杆菌引入美国的非流行地区,那里的环境条件可能允许这种有机体的建立。进口到美国的NHPs中约有60%来自被认为是类鼻疽流行的国家。为了防止传染性病原体进入美国,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)要求新进口的国家卫生检疫机构至少隔离31天,在此期间,他们的健康状况将受到密切监测。大多数由输入性国家卫生健康产品传播的引起公共卫生关注的疾病潜伏期相对较短,在31天的隔离期内。然而,感染假芽孢杆菌的动物在出现疾病迹象之前可能会在几个月到几年的时间里看起来很健康,在此期间它们可以将生物体排出到环境中。类鼻疽病提出了诊断挑战,因为它引起非特异性临床症状,血清学筛查可能产生不可靠的结果,并且培养分离物经常在快速商业检测系统中被错误识别。在这里,我们提出了一例类鼻疽的食蟹猕猴(Macaca fascicularis),发展皮下脓肿后,从柬埔寨进口到美国。从脓肿中分离的细菌最初在商业测试中被错误识别。该病例强调了从流行国家输入的国家卫生保健工作者中发生类鼻疽病的可能性及其相关的诊断挑战。如果怀疑有类鼻疽病,应将诊断样本和培养分离物提交到疾病预防控制中心实验室反应网络的实验室,对病原体进行结论性鉴定和表征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Comparative medicine
Comparative medicine 医学-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comparative Medicine (CM), an international journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. The mission of CM is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information that expands biomedical knowledge and promotes human and animal health through the study of laboratory animal disease, animal models of disease, and basic biologic mechanisms related to disease in people and animals.
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