{"title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.","authors":"Ki Wook Yun","doi":"10.3345/cep.2022.01452","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumonia is a common pediatric infectious disease that is familiar to pediatricians and a major cause of hospitalization worldwide. Recent well-designed epidemiologic studies in developed countries indicated that respiratory viruses are detected in 30%-70%, atypical bacteria in 7%-17%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2%-8% of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The etiological distribution of CAP varies widely by child age and the epidemiological season of the respiratory pathogen. Moreover, diagnostic tests, particularly for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the 2 major bacterial pathogens involved in pediatric CAP, have several limitations. Therefore, management and empirical antimicrobial therapy for children with CAP should be applied in a stepwise manner based on recent epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10839192/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01452","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/6/14 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common pediatric infectious disease that is familiar to pediatricians and a major cause of hospitalization worldwide. Recent well-designed epidemiologic studies in developed countries indicated that respiratory viruses are detected in 30%-70%, atypical bacteria in 7%-17%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2%-8% of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The etiological distribution of CAP varies widely by child age and the epidemiological season of the respiratory pathogen. Moreover, diagnostic tests, particularly for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the 2 major bacterial pathogens involved in pediatric CAP, have several limitations. Therefore, management and empirical antimicrobial therapy for children with CAP should be applied in a stepwise manner based on recent epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological evidence.
肺炎是儿科医生非常熟悉的一种常见儿科传染病,也是全球住院治疗的一个主要原因。最近在发达国家进行的精心设计的流行病学研究表明,在社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院患儿中,30%-70%的患儿可检测到呼吸道病毒,7%-17%的患儿可检测到非典型细菌,2%-8%的患儿可检测到化脓性细菌。CAP 的病原体分布因儿童年龄和呼吸道病原体流行季节的不同而有很大差异。此外,诊断测试,尤其是检测肺炎链球菌和肺炎支原体(小儿 CAP 的两种主要细菌病原体)的测试,也存在一些局限性。因此,应根据最新的流行病学、病原学和微生物学证据,循序渐进地对 CAP 患儿进行管理和经验性抗菌治疗。