Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation.

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-03-03 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1093/femsmc/xtac006
Zandra Fagernäs, Domingo C Salazar-García, María Haber Uriarte, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Amanda G Henry, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Andrew T Ozga, Irina M Velsko, Christina Warinner
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied per individual and is assumed to represent the entire oral cavity. However, it is not known if this sampling strategy introduces biases into studies of the ancient oral microbiome. Here, we present the results of a shotgun metagenomic study of a dense sampling of dental calculus from four Chalcolithic individuals from the southeast Iberian peninsula (ca. 4500-5000 BP). Interindividual differences in microbial composition are found to be much larger than intraindividual differences, indicating that a single sample can indeed represent an individual in most cases. However, there are minor spatial patterns in species distribution within the oral cavity that should be taken into account when designing a study or interpreting results. Finally, we show that plant DNA identified in the samples is likely of postmortem origin, demonstrating the importance of including environmental controls or additional lines of biomolecular evidence in dietary interpretations.

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了解古人类牙列的微生物生物地理学,以指导研究设计和解释。
口腔是一个异质环境,pH、氧气水平和唾液流量等因素各不相同。这些因素影响牙菌斑中微生物群落的组成和物种的分布,但尚不清楚这些模式在考古牙石中的反映程度。在大多数考古研究中,每个人都会研究一个牙石样本,并假设其代表整个口腔。然而,目前尚不清楚这种采样策略是否会在古代口腔微生物组的研究中引入偏见。在这里,我们展示了一项鸟枪宏基因组研究的结果,该研究对来自伊比利亚半岛东南部(约4500-5000 BP)的四个Chalcolitic个体的牙结石进行了密集采样。微生物组成的个体间差异比个体内差异大得多,这表明在大多数情况下,单个样本确实可以代表一个个体。然而,在设计研究或解释结果时,口腔内的物种分布存在较小的空间模式,应予以考虑。最后,我们表明,在样本中鉴定出的植物DNA很可能是死后来源的,这表明了在饮食解释中纳入环境控制或额外的生物分子证据的重要性。
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3.30
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审稿时长
15 weeks
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