Goran Jankovic, Danica Janicijevic, Aleksandar Nedeljkovic, Milos R Petrovic, Marko Cosic, Amador Garcia-Ramos
{"title":"Effects of Different Loading Types on the Validity and Magnitude of Force-Velocity Relationship Parameters.","authors":"Goran Jankovic, Danica Janicijevic, Aleksandar Nedeljkovic, Milos R Petrovic, Marko Cosic, Amador Garcia-Ramos","doi":"10.1177/19417381231182131","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Force-velocity (<i>F-V</i>) relationship models gained popularity as a tool for muscle mechanical assessment. However, it is not clear whether the validity of the <i>F-V</i> relationship parameters (maximal theoretical force [<i>F</i><sub>0</sub>], velocity [<i>V</i><sub>0</sub>] and power [<i>P</i><sub>max</sub>]) is affected using different load types: gravitational (<i>W</i>, rubber bands pulling the barbell downward), inertial (<i>I</i>, rubber bands pulling the barbell, which is equalized to the weight of the added plates upward), and combined (<i>W</i> + <i>I</i>, weight of the plates).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Load type would affect both the magnitude and validity of <i>F-V</i> relationship parameters. The highest magnitude and validity was expected for <i>F</i><sub>0</sub> using a <i>W</i>, for <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> using an <i>I</i>, and for <i>P</i><sub>max</sub> using a <i>W</i> + <i>I</i> load.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 13 resistance-trained men (body mass, 87.7 ± 11.2 kg and body height, 183.9 ± 6.4 cm) performed bench press (BP) throws (BPTs) using 3 types of loads against 30 to 80 kg. The validity of <i>F-V</i> relationship parameters was explored with respect to the tests used traditionally for force (maximal voluntary contraction and 1-repetition maximum [1RM]), velocity (maximal velocity achieved during almost unloaded tasks), and power (BPT against the 50%1RM and medicine ball throws) assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>W + I</i> loading promoted the highest values of <i>F</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>P</i><sub>max</sub>, while the highest magnitude of <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> was promoted by the <i>I</i> loading. The validity was acceptable for <i>F</i><sub>0</sub> obtained using the 3 loading conditions with respect to the BP 1RM (<i>r</i> range, 0.30-0.83), and <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> obtained using the <i>I</i> loading with respect to the stick throw (<i>r</i> = 0.54).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The magnitude of the <i>F-V</i> relationship parameters is affected by load type, but their validity with respect to standardized tests is comparable, with the exception of the higher validity of <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> when obtained using the <i>I</i> loading.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Any load type can be used for assessing <i>F</i><sub>0</sub>, while <i>I</i> load should be selected when assessing <i>V</i><sub>0</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195856/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231182131","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/6/21 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Force-velocity (F-V) relationship models gained popularity as a tool for muscle mechanical assessment. However, it is not clear whether the validity of the F-V relationship parameters (maximal theoretical force [F0], velocity [V0] and power [Pmax]) is affected using different load types: gravitational (W, rubber bands pulling the barbell downward), inertial (I, rubber bands pulling the barbell, which is equalized to the weight of the added plates upward), and combined (W + I, weight of the plates).
Hypothesis: Load type would affect both the magnitude and validity of F-V relationship parameters. The highest magnitude and validity was expected for F0 using a W, for V0 using an I, and for Pmax using a W + I load.
Study design: Cross-sectional.
Level of evidence: Level 3.
Methods: A total of 13 resistance-trained men (body mass, 87.7 ± 11.2 kg and body height, 183.9 ± 6.4 cm) performed bench press (BP) throws (BPTs) using 3 types of loads against 30 to 80 kg. The validity of F-V relationship parameters was explored with respect to the tests used traditionally for force (maximal voluntary contraction and 1-repetition maximum [1RM]), velocity (maximal velocity achieved during almost unloaded tasks), and power (BPT against the 50%1RM and medicine ball throws) assessment.
Results: The W + I loading promoted the highest values of F0 and Pmax, while the highest magnitude of V0 was promoted by the I loading. The validity was acceptable for F0 obtained using the 3 loading conditions with respect to the BP 1RM (r range, 0.30-0.83), and V0 obtained using the I loading with respect to the stick throw (r = 0.54).
Conclusion: The magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters is affected by load type, but their validity with respect to standardized tests is comparable, with the exception of the higher validity of V0 when obtained using the I loading.
Clinical relevance: Any load type can be used for assessing F0, while I load should be selected when assessing V0.
期刊介绍:
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach is an indispensable resource for all medical professionals involved in the training and care of the competitive or recreational athlete, including primary care physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, athletic trainers and other medical and health care professionals.
Published bimonthly, Sports Health is a collaborative publication from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), and the Sports Physical Therapy Section (SPTS).
The journal publishes review articles, original research articles, case studies, images, short updates, legal briefs, editorials, and letters to the editor.
Topics include:
-Sports Injury and Treatment
-Care of the Athlete
-Athlete Rehabilitation
-Medical Issues in the Athlete
-Surgical Techniques in Sports Medicine
-Case Studies in Sports Medicine
-Images in Sports Medicine
-Legal Issues
-Pediatric Athletes
-General Sports Trauma
-Sports Psychology