CBASS to cGAS-STING: The Origins and Mechanisms of Nucleotide Second Messenger Immune Signaling.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Epub Date: 2023-06-28 DOI:10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-115636
Kailey M Slavik, Philip J Kranzusch
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Host defense against viral pathogens is an essential function for all living organisms. In cell-intrinsic innate immunity, dedicated sensor proteins recognize molecular signatures of infection and communicate to downstream adaptor or effector proteins to activate immune defense. Remarkably, recent evidence demonstrates that much of the core machinery of innate immunity is shared across eukaryotic and prokaryotic domains of life. Here, we review a pioneering example of evolutionary conservation in innate immunity: the animal cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway and its ancestor in bacteria, CBASS (cyclic nucleotide-based antiphage signaling system) antiphage defense. We discuss the unique mechanism by which animal cGLRs (cGAS-like receptors) and bacterial CD-NTases (cGAS/dinucleotide-cyclase in Vibrio (DncV)-like nucleotidyltransferases) in these pathways link pathogen detection with immune activation using nucleotide second messenger signals. Comparing the biochemical, structural, and mechanistic details of cGAS-STING, cGLR signaling, and CBASS, we highlight emerging questions in the field and examine evolutionary pressures that may have shaped the origins of nucleotide second messenger signaling in antiviral defense.

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CBASS至cGAS STING:核苷酸第二信使免疫信号的起源和机制。
宿主防御病毒病原体是所有生物体的基本功能。在细胞固有先天免疫中,专用传感器蛋白识别感染的分子特征,并与下游衔接蛋白或效应蛋白通信,以激活免疫防御。值得注意的是,最近的证据表明,先天免疫的大部分核心机制在真核生物和原核生物的生命领域中是共享的。在这里,我们回顾了先天免疫进化保护的一个开创性例子:动物cGAS-STING(干扰素基因的环状GMP-AMP合酶刺激因子)信号通路及其在细菌中的祖先,CBASS(基于环核苷酸的抗噬菌体信号系统)抗噬菌体防御。我们讨论了动物cGLRs(cGAS样受体)和细菌CD NTase(Vibrio(DncV)样核苷酸转移酶中的cGAS/二核苷酸环化酶)在这些途径中使用核苷酸第二信使信号将病原体检测与免疫激活联系起来的独特机制。比较cGAS STING、cGLR信号传导和CBASS的生化、结构和机制细节,我们强调了该领域新出现的问题,并研究了可能影响抗病毒防御中核苷酸第二信使信号传导起源的进化压力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.40
自引率
0.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Virology serves as a conduit for disseminating thrilling advancements in our comprehension of viruses spanning animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. Its reviews illuminate novel concepts and trajectories in basic virology, elucidating viral disease mechanisms, exploring virus-host interactions, and scrutinizing cellular and immune responses to virus infection. These reviews underscore the exceptional capacity of viruses as potent probes for investigating cellular function.
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