Licensed and unlicensed cannabis outlets in Los Angeles County: the potential implications of location for social equity.

Caislin L Firth, Kristin M Warren, Lilian Perez, Beau Kilmer, Regina A Shih, Joan S Tucker, Elizabeth J D'Amico, Eric R Pedersen
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Background: Cannabis social equity programs intend to redress inequities experienced by low income and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) during cannabis prohibition in the United States. In Los Angeles County (LA), the approach is to increase cannabis outlet licensure and employment for low income and BIPOC communities. Monitoring locations of both licensed and unlicensed outlets over time is critical to informing how local social equity programs may affect communities.

Methods: We identified locations of licensed and unlicensed cannabis outlets in LA, from February to April 2019 and again from March to April 2020, and calculated the number and type of outlets by socio-demographic characteristics of census tracts (race/ethnicity, poverty, education, unemployment) using the 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Results: Licensed outlets increased in LA from 162 in 2019 to 195 in 2020; unlicensed outlets decreased from 286 to 137 over the same time period. In 2020, more licensed outlets were in tracts with majority white residents and adults with at least a bachelor's degree; fewer licensed outlets were in tracts with larger Latinx or Black populations, whereas 71% of unlicensed outlets in 2020 were in low-income tracts, and more unlicensed outlets were in predominately Latinx tracts, high poverty and high unemployment tracts, and tracts with more single female-headed households.

Conclusions: Neighborhood-level analyses are an important first step, but more data are needed for comprehensive evaluations of social equity programs-from individual businesses to the communities living nearby-to understand the impacts on low income and BIPOC populations.

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洛杉矶县有执照和无执照的大麻销售点:地点对社会公平的潜在影响。
背景:大麻社会公平项目旨在纠正美国大麻禁令期间低收入和黑人、土著和有色人种(BIPOC)所经历的不平等。在洛杉矶县(LA),方法是增加低收入和BIPOC社区的大麻出口许可证和就业。长期监测有执照和无执照的销售点的位置对于了解当地社会公平计划如何影响社区至关重要。方法:我们确定了2019年2月至4月和2020年3月至4月洛杉矶有执照和无执照大麻销售点的位置,并根据2013-2017年美国社区调查的5年估计值,根据人口普查区的社会人口统计学特征(种族/民族、贫困、教育、失业)计算了销售点的数量和类型。结果:洛杉矶的授权门店从2019年的162家增加到2020年的195家;同期,无牌店铺由286间减至137间。到2020年,更多有执照的门店位于以白人居民和至少拥有学士学位的成年人为主的地区;在拉丁裔或黑人人口较多的地区,持牌店较少,而在2020年,71%的无牌店位于低收入地区,更多的无牌店位于以拉丁裔为主的地区,高贫困和高失业率地区,以及单身女性户主家庭较多的地区。结论:社区层面的分析是重要的第一步,但需要更多的数据来全面评估社会公平项目——从个体企业到附近社区——以了解对低收入和BIPOC人群的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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