Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Prevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility.

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-20 DOI:10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000018
Matthew W Breed, Hannah L Perez, Michael Otto, Amer E Villaruz, J Scott Weese, Gregory W Alvord, Duncan E Donohue, Franchasca Washington, Joshua A Kramer
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Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant problem for human and animal health and can negatively affect the health status of macaques and other nonhuman primates (NHP) in research colonies. However, few publications provide guidance on the prevalence, genotype, or risk factors for macaques with MRSA and even fewer on how to effectively respond to MRSA once identified in a population. After having a clinical case of MRSA in a rhesus macaque, we sought to determine the MRSA carrier prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of MRSA in a population of research NHPs. Over a 6-wk period in 2015, we collected nasal swabs from 298 NHPs. MRSA was isolated from 28% (n = 83). We then reviewed each macaque's medical record for a variety of variables including animal housing room, sex, age, number of antibiotic courses, number of surgical interventions, and SIV status. Analysis of these data suggests that MRSA carriage is associated with the room location, age of the animal, SIV status, and the number of antibiotic courses. We used multilocus sequence typing and spa typing on a subset of MRSA and MSSA isolates to determine whether the MRSA present in NHPs was comparable with common human strains. Two MRSA sequence types were predominant: ST188 and a novel MRSA genotype, neither of which is a common human isolate in the United States. We subsequently implemented antimicrobial stewardship practices (significantly reducing antimicrobial use) and then resampled the colony in 2018 and found that MRSA carriage had fallen to 9% (26/285). These data suggest that, as in humans, macaques may have a high carrier status of MRSA despite low clinically apparent disease. Implementing strategic antimicrobial stewardship practices resulted in a marked reduction in MRSA carriage in the NHP colony, highlighting the importance of limiting antimicrobial use when possible.

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研究机构饲养的猕猴群体中与耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌流行率相关的细菌基因型、携带者风险因素和抗菌药物管理方法。
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)仍然是人类和动物健康的一个重大问题,并可能对研究群体中猕猴和其他非人灵长类动物(NHP)的健康状况产生负面影响。然而,很少有出版物提供关于猕猴耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行率、基因型或风险因素的指导,更少的出版物提供一旦在人群中发现如何有效应对耐甲氧氯化金黄色葡萄菌的指导。在恒河猴中出现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌临床病例后,我们试图确定研究NHP人群中耐甲氧氯化金黄色葡萄菌携带者的患病率、危险因素和耐甲氧浓度基因型。在2015年的6周时间里,我们收集了298名NHP的鼻拭子。MRSA分离率为28%(n=83)。然后,我们审查了每只猕猴的医疗记录中的各种变量,包括动物饲养室、性别、年龄、抗生素疗程数、手术干预次数和SIV状态。对这些数据的分析表明,MRSA携带与房间位置、动物年龄、SIV状态和抗生素疗程数量有关。我们对MRSA和MSSA分离株的一个子集进行了多点序列分型和spa分型,以确定NHP中存在的MRSA是否与常见的人类菌株具有可比性。两种MRSA序列类型占主导地位:ST188和一种新的MRSA基因型,这两种基因型在美国都不是常见的人类分离株。随后,我们实施了抗菌药物管理实践(显著减少了抗菌药物的使用),然后在2018年对菌落进行了重新采样,发现MRSA携带率已降至9%(26/285)。这些数据表明,与人类一样,猕猴可能具有较高的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌携带者状态,尽管其临床明显疾病较低。实施战略性抗菌药物管理实践显著减少了NHP菌落中MRSA的携带,突出了在可能的情况下限制抗菌药物使用的重要性。
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来源期刊
Comparative medicine
Comparative medicine 医学-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comparative Medicine (CM), an international journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. The mission of CM is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information that expands biomedical knowledge and promotes human and animal health through the study of laboratory animal disease, animal models of disease, and basic biologic mechanisms related to disease in people and animals.
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