Loneliness is associated with a greater self-reference effect in episodic memory when compared against a close friend

IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI:10.1111/bjop.12646
Laureta Kokici, Gratiela Chirtop, Heather J. Ferguson, Andrew K. Martin
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Abstract

Loneliness describes a negative experience associated with perceived social disconnection. Despite the clear links between loneliness and mental and physical health, relatively little is known about how loneliness affects cognition. In this study, we tested the effect of loneliness on cognitive distance between the self and others, using a task in which participants completed a surprise memory task for adjectives implicitly encoded in relation to the self, a close friend or a celebrity. We assessed item memory sensitivity, metacognitive sensitivity, metacognitive efficiency and source memory for positive and negative words. In addition, participants reported their trait loneliness and depression. Results revealed an overall self-referential advantage compared with both friend and celebrity encoded items. Likewise, a friend-referential advantage was identified compared to celebrity-encoded items. Individuals who experienced more loneliness showed a greater self-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to a close friend, and a smaller friend-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to celebrity. These findings suggest that loneliness is reflected in a greater cognitive distance between the self and close friends in relation to memory biases. The results have important implications for understanding the social contextual effects on memory and the cognitive ramifications of loneliness.

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与亲密的朋友相比,孤独感在情景记忆中的自我参照效应更大
孤独描述的是一种与感知到的社会脱节相关的负面体验。尽管孤独与心理和身体健康之间存在明显的联系,但人们对孤独如何影响认知的了解相对较少。在这项研究中,我们测试了孤独对自我和他人之间认知距离的影响,使用了一个任务,让参与者完成一个意外记忆任务,对与自我、亲密朋友或名人有关的隐性编码形容词进行记忆。我们评估了项目记忆敏感性、元认知敏感性、元认知效率和源记忆对积极词汇和消极词汇的影响。此外,参与者还报告了他们的孤独和抑郁特征。结果显示,与朋友和名人编码的项目相比,自我参照的整体优势。同样,与名人编码的项目相比,发现了朋友参考的优势。与与亲密朋友相关的词汇相比,经历过更多孤独的个体表现出更大的自我参照偏差,而与名人相关的词汇相比,他们表现出更小的朋友参照偏差。这些发现表明,孤独感反映在与记忆偏差有关的自我和亲密朋友之间更大的认知距离上。研究结果对理解社会情境对记忆的影响和孤独的认知后果具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
British journal of psychology
British journal of psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
2.50%
发文量
67
期刊介绍: The British Journal of Psychology publishes original research on all aspects of general psychology including cognition; health and clinical psychology; developmental, social and occupational psychology. For information on specific requirements, please view Notes for Contributors. We attract a large number of international submissions each year which make major contributions across the range of psychology.
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