Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.12.002

Stephanie L. Macdonald , Ghazanfar Abbas , Abdul Ghafar , Charles G. Gauci , Jenni Bauquier , Charles El-Hage , Brett Tennent-Brown , Edwina J.A. Wilkes , Anne Beasley , Caroline Jacobson , Lucy Cudmore , Peter Carrigan , John Hurley , Ian Beveridge , Kristopher J. Hughes , Martin K. Nielsen , Abdul Jabbar

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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Cyathostomins are the most common and highly prevalent parasites of horses worldwide. Historically, the control of cyathostomins has mainly relied on the routine use of anthelmintic products. Increasing reports on anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cyathostomins are concerning. A potential method proposed for detecting emerging AR in cyathostomins has been estimating the egg reappearance period (ERP). This paper reviews the data available for the ERP of cyathostomins against the three major classes of anthelmintics, macrocyclic lactones, tetrahydropyrimidines, and benzimidazoles. Published peer-reviewed original research articles were obtained from three databases (PubMed, CAB Direct and Web of Science) and were evaluated for their inclusion in a systematic review. Subsets of articles were then subjected to a review of ERP data. A total of 54 (of 134) studies published between 1972 and 2022 met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Until the beginning of 2022, there was no agreed definition of the ERP; eight definitions of ERP were identified in the literature, complicating the comparison between studies. Additionally, potential risk factors for the shortening of the ERP, including previous anthelmintic use and climate, were frequently not described. Reports of shortened ERP for moxidectin and ivermectin are frequent: 20 studies that used comparable ERP definitions reported shortened moxidectin and ivermectin ERPs of 35 and 28 days, respectively. It is unclear whether the ERPs of these anthelmintics reduced to such levels are due to the development of AR or some biological factors related to horses, cyathostomin species, and/or the environment. The ERPs for other anthelmintics, such as fenbendazole and pyrantel, were frequently not reported due to established resistance against these drugs. Future research in horses is required to understand the mechanism(s) behind the shortening of ERP for cyathostomins. Based on this systematic review, we propose recommendations for future ERP studies.

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驱虫剂对马胞口毒素的卵再现期:游戏状态的重新审视

Cyathostomins是全世界最常见、最普遍的马寄生虫。从历史上看，锥虫毒素的控制主要依赖于驱虫产品的常规使用。越来越多的关于锥口虫抗药性（AR）的报道令人担忧。一种潜在的检测cyathostomins中新出现AR的方法是估计卵子重现期（ERP）。本文综述了环口菌素对三大类驱虫剂大环内酯、四氢嘧啶和苯并咪唑的ERP的可用数据。已发表的同行评审原创研究文章来自三个数据库（PubMed、CAB Direct和Web of Science），并对其纳入系统综述进行了评估。然后对文章子集进行ERP数据审查。1972年至2022年间发表的134项研究中，共有54项符合纳入系统综述的标准。直到2022年初，还没有就企业资源规划达成一致的定义；文献中确定了ERP的八个定义，使研究之间的比较变得复杂。此外，缩短ERP的潜在风险因素，包括以前的驱虫药使用和气候，通常没有被描述。莫昔迪汀和伊维菌素ERP缩短的报告很常见：20项使用可比ERP定义的研究报告称，莫昔迪丁和伊维汀的ERP分别缩短了35天和28天。目前尚不清楚这些驱虫剂的ERPs降低到这样的水平是否是由于AR的发展或与马、cyathostomin物种和/或环境有关的一些生物因素。其他驱虫剂，如芬苯达唑和吡喃醇的ERP，由于对这些药物的耐药性，经常没有报道。未来需要对马进行研究，以了解cyathostomins ERP缩短背后的机制。基于这一系统综述，我们为未来的ERP研究提出了建议。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance PARASITOLOGY-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

7.50%

发文量

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal for Parasitology – Drugs and Drug Resistance is one of a series of specialist, open access journals launched by the International Journal for Parasitology. It publishes the results of original research in the area of anti-parasite drug identification, development and evaluation, and parasite drug resistance. The journal also covers research into natural products as anti-parasitic agents, and bioactive parasite products. Studies can be aimed at unicellular or multicellular parasites of human or veterinary importance.