Inhalation of polycarbonate emissions generated during 3D printing processes affects neuroendocrine function in male rats.

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI:10.1080/15287394.2023.2226198
Kristine Krajnak, Mariana Farcas, Walter McKinney, Stacey Waugh, Kyle Mandler, Alycia Knepp, Mark Jackson, Diana Richardson, MaryAnne Hammer, Joanna Matheson, Treye Thomas, Yong Qian
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of manufactured goods has increased in the last 10 years. The increased use of this technology has resulted in questions regarding the influence of inhaling emissions generated during printing. The goal of this study was to determine if inhalation of particulate and/or toxic chemicals generated during printing with polycarbonate (PC) plastic affected the neuroendocrine system. Male rats were exposed to 3D-printer emissions (592 µg particulate/m3 air) or filtered air for 4 h/day (d), 4 days/week and total exposures lengths were 1, 4, 8, 15 or 30 days. The effects of these exposures on hormone concentrations, and markers of function and/or injury in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and testes were measured after 1, 8 and 30 days exposure. Thirty days of exposure to 3D printer emissions resulted in reductions in thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin. These changes were accompanied by (1) elevation in markers of cell injury; (2) reductions in active mitochondria in the olfactory bulb, diminished gonadotropin releasing hormone cells and fibers as well as less tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeled fibers in the arcuate nucleus; and (3) decrease in spermatogonium. Polycarbonate plastics may contain bisphenol A, and the effects of exposure to these 3D printer-generated emissions on neuroendocrine function are similar to those noted following exposure to bisphenol A.

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吸入3D打印过程中产生的聚碳酸酯排放物会影响雄性大鼠的神经内分泌功能。
在过去10年中,制成品的三维打印有所增加 年。这项技术的使用越来越多,导致人们对印刷过程中吸入排放物的影响产生了疑问。本研究的目的是确定吸入聚碳酸酯(PC)塑料印刷过程中产生的颗粒物和/或有毒化学物质是否会影响神经内分泌系统。雄性大鼠暴露于3D打印机排放物(592 µg颗粒/m3空气)或过滤空气4 h/天(d),4 天/周,总暴露时间为1、4、8、15或30 天。这些暴露对激素浓度的影响,以及嗅球、下丘脑和睾丸的功能和/或损伤标志物在1、8和30后进行了测量 暴露天数。暴露在3D打印机排放物中30天导致促甲状腺激素、促卵泡激素和催乳素减少。这些变化伴随着(1)细胞损伤标志物的升高;(2) 嗅球中活性线粒体减少,促性腺激素释放激素细胞和纤维减少,弓形核中酪氨酸羟化酶免疫标记纤维减少;(3)精原细胞减少。聚碳酸酯塑料可能含有双酚A,暴露于这些3D打印机产生的排放物对神经内分泌功能的影响与暴露于双酚A后的影响相似。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
19.20%
发文量
46
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A , Current Issues is an authoritative journal that features strictly refereed original research in the field of environmental sciences, public and occupational health, and toxicology.
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