Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Among Active Component Members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2018-2022.

Abstract

Exertional rhabdomyolysis is a pathologic muscle breakdown associated with strenuous physical activity. A largely preventable condition, it persists as an occupational hazard of military training and operations, especially in high heat environments among individuals exerting themselves to endurance limits. During the 5-year surveillance period, unadjusted incidence rates of exertional rhabdomyolysis among U.S. service members declined by approximately 15%, from 43.1 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs) in 2018 to 36.5 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2022. Consistent with prior reports, subgroup- specific rates in 2022 were highest among men, those younger than 20 years, non-Hispanic Black service members, Marine Corps or Army members, and those in combat-specific and "other" occupations. Recruit trainees had the highest rates of exertional rhabdomyolysis in 2021 and 2022, with incidence rates 10 times higher than all other service members. Prompt recognition of the symptoms of exertional rhabdomyolysis (muscular pain or swelling, limited range of motion, or the excretion of darkened urine after strenuous physical activity, especially in hot, humid weather) by health care providers is crucial to avoid the most severe consequences of this potentially life-threatening condition.