A Review on the Usage of Bone Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in Detecting Skeletal Metastases in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Is it Time to Ditch Planar and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography only Gamma Camera Systems?

Abstract

Planar whole-body bone scanning (WBS) is widely used to evaluate skeletal lesions seen in cancer and noncancer cases. Frequently, degenerative, or other benign bony changes may give rise to indeterminate lesions that mimic bone metastases. In the post-COVID-19 era, there is an evolutionary phase that puts importance on global development and adaptability, which encompasses to include nuclear medicine practices worldwide. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) can be used to improve the characterization of these lesions and help to resolve the diagnostic conundrum while reducing the need for patients to undergo multiple different examinations at various imaging departments. The fusion of SPECT and CT allows morphological characterization of functional abnormality detected by focal tracer uptake on planar scintigraphy, which provides a one-stop center imaging in nuclear medicine departments. The objective of this study was to review the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT/CT in diagnosing bone metastases in a variety of oncology and nononcology cases and to determine the feasibility of performing bone SPECT/CT in all suspected cancer cases, including cases of bone infection instead of planar imaging alone. The utilization of hybrid SPECT/CT in indeterminate bone lesions detected on planar WBS can significantly increase the diagnostic confidence and accuracy of image interpretation. Recognition of patterns of disease identified using hybrid imaging can improve the management of patients with potentially lower costs in the long term. Currently, hybrid SPECT/CT machines are becoming a norm in nuclear medicine departments, thus potentially making single planar application machines obsolete in the near future. We hypothesize that in the interest of providing a meaningful interpretation of isotope bone scans, the default protocol should involve the option of acquiring SPECT/CT images rather than relying on whole-body scans only. Departments choosing to upgrade existing equipment or those choosing to invest in only one gamma camera should proactively opt for hybrid SPECT/CT systems.