Awareness Is Bliss: How Acquiescence Affects Exploratory Factor Analysis.

IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q2 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Educational and Psychological Measurement Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1177/00131644221089857
E Damiano D'Urso, Jesper Tijmstra, Jeroen K Vermunt, Kim De Roover
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Assessing the measurement model (MM) of self-report scales is crucial to obtain valid measurements of individuals' latent psychological constructs. This entails evaluating the number of measured constructs and determining which construct is measured by which item. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is the most-used method to evaluate these psychometric properties, where the number of measured constructs (i.e., factors) is assessed, and, afterward, rotational freedom is resolved to interpret these factors. This study assessed the effects of an acquiescence response style (ARS) on EFA for unidimensional and multidimensional (un)balanced scales. Specifically, we evaluated (a) whether ARS is captured as an additional factor, (b) the effect of different rotation approaches on the content and ARS factors recovery, and (c) the effect of extracting the additional ARS factor on the recovery of factor loadings. ARS was often captured as an additional factor in balanced scales when it was strong. For these scales, ignoring extracting this additional ARS factor, or rotating to simple structure when extracting it, harmed the recovery of the original MM by introducing bias in loadings and cross-loadings. These issues were avoided by using informed rotation approaches (i.e., target rotation), where (part of) the rotation target is specified according to a priori expectations on the MM. Not extracting the additional ARS factor did not affect the loading recovery in unbalanced scales. Researchers should consider the potential presence of ARS when assessing the psychometric properties of balanced scales and use informed rotation approaches when suspecting that an additional factor is an ARS factor.

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意识是福:默许如何影响探索性因素分析。
评估自我报告量表的测量模型(MM)是获得有效测量个体潜在心理构念的关键。这需要评估被测量的构念的数量,并确定哪个构念是由哪个项目测量的。探索性因素分析(EFA)是评估这些心理测量特性最常用的方法,其中评估测量的构念(即因素)的数量,然后解决旋转自由度来解释这些因素。本研究评估了默许反应方式(ARS)在一维和多维(非)平衡量表上对EFA的影响。具体而言,我们评估了(a) ARS是否作为附加因子被捕获,(b)不同旋转方式对ARS含量和ARS因子恢复的影响,以及(c)提取附加ARS因子对因子加载恢复的影响。当ARS较强时,它通常被视为平衡尺度中的一个附加因素。对于这些尺度,忽略提取这个额外的ARS因子,或者在提取时旋转到简单结构,通过在加载和交叉加载中引入偏差,损害原始MM的恢复。通过使用知情旋转方法(即目标旋转)避免了这些问题,其中(部分)旋转目标是根据MM的先验期望指定的。不提取额外的ARS因素并不影响不平衡尺度下的加载恢复。研究人员在评估平衡量表的心理测量特性时应考虑ARS的潜在存在,并在怀疑附加因素是ARS因素时使用知情旋转方法。
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来源期刊
Educational and Psychological Measurement
Educational and Psychological Measurement 医学-数学跨学科应用
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
7.40%
发文量
49
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Educational and Psychological Measurement (EPM) publishes referred scholarly work from all academic disciplines interested in the study of measurement theory, problems, and issues. Theoretical articles address new developments and techniques, and applied articles deal with innovation applications.
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