Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses.

IF 3.6 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI:10.3390/ncrna9040038
Alison Gu, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Shaomin Yang, Mulan Zeng, Shaokai Pei, Hua Zhu
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent single-stranded RNA species that contain covalently closed 3' and 5' ends that provide them more stability than linear RNA, which has free ends. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs perform essential functions in many DNA viruses, including coronaviruses, Epstein-Barr viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Kaposi sarcoma viruses. Recent studies have confirmed that circRNAs are present in viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses, and play various important functions such as evading host immune response, disease pathogenesis, protein translation, miRNA sponges, regulating cell proliferation, and virus replication. Studies have confirmed that circRNAs can be biological signatures or pathological markers for autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and cancers. However, our understanding of circRNAs in DNA and RNA viruses is still limited, and functional evaluation of viral and host circRNAs is essential to completely understand their biological functions. In the present review, we describe the metabolism and cellular roles of circRNA, including its roles in various diseases and viral and cellular circRNA functions. Circular RNAs are found to interact with RNA, proteins, and DNA, and thus can modulate cellular processes, including translation, transcription, splicing, and other functions. Circular RNAs interfere with various signaling pathways and take part in vital functions in various biological, physiological, cellular, and pathophysiological processes. We also summarize recent evidence demonstrating cellular and viral circRNA's roles in DNA and RNA viruses in this growing field of research.

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环状RNA在人类疾病中的作用。
环状RNA (circRNAs)代表单链RNA物种,它们含有共价封闭的3'和5'端,这使它们比具有自由端的线性RNA更具稳定性。新出现的证据表明,环状rna在许多DNA病毒中发挥重要功能,包括冠状病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、巨细胞病毒和卡波西肉瘤病毒。近年来的研究证实,环状RNA存在于病毒中,包括DNA病毒和RNA病毒,并发挥逃避宿主免疫反应、疾病发病、蛋白质翻译、miRNA海绵、调节细胞增殖、病毒复制等多种重要功能。研究已经证实,circRNAs可以作为自身免疫性疾病、神经系统疾病和癌症的生物学特征或病理标记物。然而,我们对DNA和RNA病毒中的环状RNA的了解仍然有限,对病毒和宿主环状RNA的功能评估对于完全了解其生物学功能至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们描述了circRNA的代谢和细胞作用,包括它在各种疾病中的作用以及病毒和细胞circRNA的功能。环状RNA被发现与RNA、蛋白质和DNA相互作用,因此可以调节细胞过程,包括翻译、转录、剪接和其他功能。环状rna干扰各种信号通路,在各种生物、生理、细胞和病理生理过程中发挥重要作用。我们还总结了在这一不断发展的研究领域中证明细胞和病毒circRNA在DNA和RNA病毒中的作用的最新证据。
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来源期刊
Non-Coding RNA
Non-Coding RNA Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
4.70%
发文量
74
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: Functional studies dealing with identification, structure-function relationships or biological activity of: small regulatory RNAs (miRNAs, siRNAs and piRNAs) associated with the RNA interference pathway small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar and tRNAs derived small RNAs other types of small RNAs, such as those associated with splice junctions and transcription start sites long non-coding RNAs, including antisense RNAs, long ''intergenic'' RNAs, intronic RNAs and ''enhancer'' RNAs other classes of RNAs such as vault RNAs, scaRNAs, circular RNAs, 7SL RNAs, telomeric and centromeric RNAs regulatory functions of mRNAs and UTR-derived RNAs catalytic and allosteric (riboswitch) RNAs viral, transposon and repeat-derived RNAs bacterial regulatory RNAs, including CRISPR RNAS Analysis of RNA processing, RNA binding proteins, RNA signaling and RNA interaction pathways: DICER AGO, PIWI and PIWI-like proteins other classes of RNA binding and RNA transport proteins RNA interactions with chromatin-modifying complexes RNA interactions with DNA and other RNAs the role of RNA in the formation and function of specialized subnuclear organelles and other aspects of cell biology intercellular and intergenerational RNA signaling RNA processing structure-function relationships in RNA complexes RNA analyses, informatics, tools and technologies: transcriptomic analyses and technologies development of tools and technologies for RNA biology and therapeutics Translational studies involving long and short non-coding RNAs: identification of biomarkers development of new therapies involving microRNAs and other ncRNAs clinical studies involving microRNAs and other ncRNAs.
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