An Enhanced Audiologic Protocol for Early Identification of Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients with Cleft Palate.

Abstract

Objective: To characterize the onset and prevalence of conductive hearing loss (CHL) in pediatric patients with cleft palate (CP) prior to palatoplasty with an enhanced audiologic protocol.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial clinic at a tertiary care center.

Patients: Patients with CP who received audiologic workup pre-operatively. Patients with bilateral permanent hearing loss, expiration prior to palatoplasty, or no pre-operative data were excluded.

Interventions: Patients with CP born February 2019 to November 2019 who passed newborn hearing screening (NBHS) received audiologic testing at 9 months of age (standard protocol). Patients born December 2019 to September 2020 underwent testing prior to 9 months of age (enhanced protocol).

Main outcome measures: Age of identification of CHL in patients after implementation of the enhanced audiologic protocol.

Results: The number of patients who passed their NBHS in the standard protocol (n = 14, 54%) and the enhanced protocol (n = 25, 66%) did not differ. Infants who passed their NBHS, but demonstrated hearing loss on subsequent audiologic testing did not differ between enhanced (n = 25, 66%) and standard cohort (n = 14, 54%). Of patients who passed NBHS in the enhanced protocol, 48% (n = 12) had CHL identified by 3 months, and 20% (n = 5) by 6 months of age. With the enhanced protocol, patients who did not undergo additional testing post NBHS significantly dropped from 44.9% (n = 22) to 4.2% (n = 2) (P < .0001).

Conclusion: Even with passed NBHS, CHL is still present for infants with CP pre-operatively. Earlier and more frequent testing for this population is recommended.