Aging and Bone Metabolism.

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Comprehensive Physiology Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI:10.1002/cphy.c220012
Robert J Pignolo
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Abstract

Changes in bone architecture and metabolism with aging increase the likelihood of osteoporosis and fracture. Age-onset osteoporosis is multifactorial, with contributory extrinsic and intrinsic factors including certain medical problems, specific prescription drugs, estrogen loss, secondary hyperparathyroidism, microenvironmental and cellular alterations in bone tissue, and mechanical unloading or immobilization. At the histological level, there are changes in trabecular and cortical bone as well as marrow cellularity, lineage switching of mesenchymal stem cells to an adipogenic fate, inadequate transduction of signals during skeletal loading, and predisposition toward senescent cell accumulation with production of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cumulatively, these changes result in bone remodeling abnormalities that over time cause net bone loss typically seen in older adults. Age-related osteoporosis is a geriatric syndrome due to the multiple etiologies that converge upon the skeleton to produce the ultimate phenotypic changes that manifest as bone fragility. Bone tissue is dynamic but with tendencies toward poor osteoblastic bone formation and relative osteoclastic bone resorption with aging. Interactions with other aging physiologic systems, such as muscle, may also confer detrimental effects on the aging skeleton. Conversely, individuals who maintain their BMD experience a lower risk of fractures, disability, and mortality, suggesting that this phenotype may be a marker of successful aging. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4355-4386, 2023.

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衰老和骨代谢。
随着年龄的增长,骨结构和代谢的变化增加了骨质疏松和骨折的可能性。老年性骨质疏松症是多因素的,包括某些医疗问题、特定处方药、雌激素丧失、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、骨组织的微环境和细胞改变、机械卸载或固定等外在和内在因素。在组织学水平上,小梁骨和皮质骨以及骨髓细胞的变化,间充质干细胞向脂肪形成的转变,骨骼负荷过程中信号转导不足,以及衰老细胞积累的易感,产生与衰老相关的分泌表型。累积起来,这些变化导致骨重塑异常,随着时间的推移导致净骨质流失,这在老年人中很常见。年龄相关性骨质疏松症是一种老年综合征,由于多种病因聚集在骨骼上,产生最终的表型变化,表现为骨骼脆弱。骨组织是动态的,但随着年龄的增长,成骨细胞骨形成和破骨细胞骨吸收倾向较差。与其他衰老生理系统(如肌肉)的相互作用也可能对衰老的骨骼产生有害影响。相反,保持骨密度的个体骨折、残疾和死亡的风险较低,这表明这种表型可能是成功衰老的标志。©2023美国生理学会。中国生物医学工程学报(英文版),2023。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
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