Anatomophysiology of the Henle's Loop: Emphasis on the Thick Ascending Limb.
Andrée-Anne Marcoux, Laurence E Tremblay, Samira Slimani, Marie-Jeanne Fiola, Fabrice Mac-Way, Ludwig Haydock, Alexandre P Garneau, Paul Isenring
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Abstract
The loop of Henle plays a variety of important physiological roles through the concerted actions of ion transport systems in both its apical and basolateral membranes. It is involved most notably in extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure regulation as well as Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and acid-base homeostasis because of its ability to reclaim a large fraction of the ultrafiltered solute load. This nephron segment is also involved in urinary concentration by energizing several of the steps that are required to generate a gradient of increasing osmolality from cortex to medulla. Another important role of the loop of Henle is to sustain a process known as tubuloglomerular feedback through the presence of specialized renal tubular cells that lie next to the juxtaglomerular arterioles. This article aims at describing these physiological roles and at discussing a number of the molecular mechanisms involved. It will also report on novel findings and uncertainties regarding the realization of certain processes and on the pathophysiological consequences of perturbed salt handling by the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Since its discovery 150 years ago, the loop of Henle has remained in the spotlight and is now generating further interest because of its role in the renal-sparing effect of SGLT2 inhibitors. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-21, 2022.
亨利氏袢的解剖生理学:着重于粗大的上升肢。
Henle环通过其顶膜和基底膜离子传输系统的协同作用,发挥着多种重要的生理作用。它主要参与细胞外液容量和血压调节,以及Ca2+、Mg2+和酸碱平衡,因为它能够回收大部分超滤溶质负荷。肾元段也通过激活从皮质到髓质产生渗透压梯度所需的几个步骤而参与尿浓度。Henle袢的另一个重要作用是通过位于肾小球旁小动脉旁的特化肾小管细胞的存在来维持一个被称为小管肾小球反馈的过程。本文旨在描述这些生理作用,并讨论一些涉及的分子机制。它还将报道关于某些过程实现的新发现和不确定性,以及由Henle环的厚上升肢处理扰动盐的病理生理后果。自150年前被发现以来,Henle环一直处于聚光灯下,现在由于其在SGLT2抑制剂的肾保留作用中的作用而引起了进一步的兴趣。©2022美国生理学会。物理学报(英文版),2012。
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