波普尔方法论与森梅尔韦斯案例。

IF 2.3 2区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-16 DOI:10.1007/s11019-023-10167-7
Zuzana Parusniková
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引用次数: 0

摘要

长期以来,塞梅尔维斯关于产褥热病因的发现一直吸引着医学史学家和传记作家的关注。近年来,哲学家们对它的兴趣也与日俱增。在本文中,我从最佳解释推论的角度讨论了对森梅尔韦斯方法论的解释,并认为波普尔方法论更能捕捉知识增长的动态。此外,我还批评了试图以库恩的范式概念来解释森梅尔韦斯的发现未能被接受的观点,并警告说这种观点可能会将教条主义奉为圭臬。库恩的立场还提出了科学机构的专制性质问题,这些机构捍卫范式,反对非正统的、反叛的观点,比如森梅尔韦斯的案例。波普尔哲学被视为一种挑战,旨在促进开放的社会与开放的科学之间的联系,其主要目的是珍惜自由的批判精神。
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Popperian methodology and the Semmelweis case.

Semmelweis' discovery of the etiology of childbed fever has long attracted the attention of historians of medicine and biographers. In recent years it has also become of increasing interest to philosophers. In this paper I discuss the interpretation of Semmelweis' methodology from the viewpoint of the inference to the best explanation and argue that Popperian methodology is better at capturing the dynamics of the growth of knowledge. Furthermore, I criticize the attempts to explain the failure of Semmelweis to have his discovery accepted on the basis of the Kuhnian concept of paradigms, and warn that this view may endorse dogmatism as the norm The Kuhnian position also raises the problem of the authoritarian nature of scientific institutions which defend a paradigm against unorthodox, rebellious views, such as in the case of Semmelweis. Popperian philosophy is seen as a challenge to promote a link between an open society and open science with its main aim being to cherish a free critical spirit.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.80%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy: A European Journal is the official journal of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care. It provides a forum for international exchange of research data, theories, reports and opinions in bioethics and philosophy of medicine. The journal promotes interdisciplinary studies, and stimulates philosophical analysis centered on a common object of reflection: health care, the human effort to deal with disease, illness, death as well as health, well-being and life. Particular attention is paid to developing contributions from all European countries, and to making accessible scientific work and reports on the practice of health care ethics, from all nations, cultures and language areas in Europe.
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