受邀评论:贝叶斯推理与多重测试。

IF 5.4 2区 心理学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Neuropsychology Review Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI:10.1007/s11065-023-09604-4
Paul A Jewsbury
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Leonhard博士对现有的装病研究文献及其对神经心理学实践的影响提出了全面而深刻的批评。他们的统计批判主要集中在涉及多项测试时的诊断推理这一关键问题上。虽然Leonhard有效地解决了某些误解,但文献中也存在一些被忽视的误解,并引入了一些新的困惑。为了提供一个平衡的评论,这项评估考虑了Leonhard的批评和装病的研究文献。此外,还简要介绍了利用多次测试的结果进行贝叶斯诊断推理。澄清了对贝叶斯推理的误解,阐明了一种有效的贝叶斯推理方法。对简单贝叶斯模型的基本假设进行了深入的讨论,并证明了由于Leonhard确定的一个原因和另一个以前没有认识到的原因,链式似然比方法是该模型的不适当应用。Leonhard关于增量有效性主要依赖于无条件相关性的结论以及简单贝叶斯模型所谓的数学错误性被驳斥。最后,对该领域未来研究和实践的潜在方向进行了探索和讨论。
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Invited Commentary: Bayesian Inference with Multiple Tests.

Dr. Leonhard presents a comprehensive and insightful critique of the existing malingering research literature and its implications for neuropsychological practice. Their statistical critique primarily focuses on the crucial issue of diagnostic inference when multiple tests are involved. While Leonhard effectively addresses certain misunderstandings, there are some overlooked misconceptions within the literature and a few new confusions were introduced. In order to provide a balanced commentary, this evaluation considers both Leonhard's critiques and the malingering research literature. Furthermore, a concise introduction to Bayesian diagnostic inference, utilizing the results of multiple tests, is provided. Misunderstandings regarding Bayesian inference are clarified, and a valid approach to Bayesian inference is elucidated. The assumptions underlying the simple Bayes model are thoroughly discussed, and it is demonstrated that the chained likelihood ratios method is an inappropriate application of this model due to one reason identified by Leonhard and another reason that has not been previously recognized. Leonhard's conclusions regarding the primary dependence of incremental validity on unconditional correlations and the alleged mathematical incorrectness of the simple Bayes model are refuted. Finally, potential directions for future research and practice in this field are explored and discussed.

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来源期刊
Neuropsychology Review
Neuropsychology Review 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
1.70%
发文量
36
期刊介绍: Neuropsychology Review is a quarterly, refereed publication devoted to integrative review papers on substantive content areas in neuropsychology, with particular focus on populations with endogenous or acquired conditions affecting brain and function and on translational research providing a mechanistic understanding of clinical problems. Publication of new data is not the purview of the journal. Articles are written by international specialists in the field, discussing such complex issues as distinctive functional features of central nervous system disease and injury; challenges in early diagnosis; the impact of genes and environment on function; risk factors for functional impairment; treatment efficacy of neuropsychological rehabilitation; the role of neuroimaging, neuroelectrophysiology, and other neurometric modalities in explicating function; clinical trial design; neuropsychological function and its substrates characteristic of normal development and aging; and neuropsychological dysfunction and its substrates in neurological, psychiatric, and medical conditions. The journal''s broad perspective is supported by an outstanding, multidisciplinary editorial review board guided by the aim to provide students and professionals, clinicians and researchers with scholarly articles that critically and objectively summarize and synthesize the strengths and weaknesses in the literature and propose novel hypotheses, methods of analysis, and links to other fields.
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