Secondary prevention of lung cancer in the Czech Republic - pitfalls, risks, benefits.

Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the Czech Republic, the prevalence of which is steadily increasing. There is scientific evidence that LC screening through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces the risk of death from LC. No systematic LC screening strategy has been currently in place in the Czech Republic. Since the beginning of 2022, the methodology of early detection of LC using LDCT has been piloted to test the feasibility of the screening program. The primary purpose of the project is an early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, which, in combination with follow-up treatment, will lead to a reduction in LC mortality. The pilot data will definitely serve as a basis for an expert discussion of the acceptability of the program to the Czech population and its impact on the healthcare system. It is clear that by introducing such a screening program, we will join the countries that, based on scientific data, enable the population to profit from an actively implemented LC prevention strategy. Public awareness of the benefits of early non-invasive LC detection can contribute to higher compliance of at-risk persons and their willingness to participate in the program. The key role in the entire process is played by general practitioners and/or outpatient pulmologists who address at-risk individuals and can positively influence their involvement in the program.