人类增强药物和武装力量:创造“超级士兵”的一些关键道德考虑的概述。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1007/s40592-022-00170-8
Adrian Walsh, Katinka Van de Ven
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引用次数: 2

摘要

有悠久的历史和越来越多的证据表明,在包括澳大利亚在内的武装部队中,使用合成代谢-雄激素类固醇等药物来提高人类表现是很常见的。我们不应该对这种情况的发生感到惊讶,因为观察家们早就预测到了这一点。在最近关于未来战争和未来军事技术的讨论中,宣称超级士兵即将到来是司空见惯的事情,他们的能力通过药物、数字技术和基因工程来改变,以指数方式提高他们的性能。这就是一些观察家所说的“角斗士模型”,其目的是创造能够执行普通公民无法完成的壮举的士兵。这个“角斗士计划”的一个关键方面是使用非法药物来提高成绩。我们是否可以使用类固醇或安非他明等药物来提高表现?我们应该使用这些药物吗?在本文中,我们探讨了创造超级士兵的伦理,并提出了同意、强制以及正义战争理论允许或谴责这种使用的程度等问题。我们的结论是,这在很大程度上取决于这种使用对士兵本身有害的程度,这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。
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Human enhancement drugs and Armed Forces: an overview of some key ethical considerations of creating 'Super-Soldiers'.

There is a long history and growing evidence base that the use of drugs, such as anabolic-androgenic steroids, to enhance human performance is common amongst armed forces, including in Australia. We should not be surprised that this might have occurred for it has long been predicted by observers. It is a commonplace of many recent discussion of the future of warfare and future military technology to proclaim the imminent arrival of Super Soldiers, whose capacities are modified via drugs, digital technology and genetic engineering, in ways that increase their performance exponentially. This is what some observers have referred to as the "Gladiator Model" wherein the aim is to create soldiers able to perform feats of which ordinary citizens are not capable. One key aspect of this "gladiator project" is the use of illicit drugs to enhance performance. Could we use drugs, such as steroids or amphetamines, to enhance performance? Should we use such drugs? In this paper we explore the ethics of creating Super Soldiers, and raise issues of consent, coercion and the extent to which such use is permitted or condemned by just war theory. We conclude that much will depend on the extent to which such use is harmful to the soldiers themselves and this is still an open question.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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