{"title":"心血管植入式电子设备中汽车无源无钥匙进入的电磁干扰。","authors":"Narawudt Prasertwitayakij, Taradol Komolmis, Siriluck Gunaparn, Cheeranun Pisespongsa, Arintaya Phrommintikul, Wanwarang Wongcharoen, Teerapat Nantsupawat","doi":"10.1080/17434440.2023.2255126","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The automobile passive keyless entry (PKE) system is a potential source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). We aim to determine the incidence and significance of EMI from automobile PKE system in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital, Thailand. Patients with CIED were instructed to lock and unlock two automobiles using the PKE system. Any EMI or arrhythmias were detected by CIED interrogation and single-lead electrocardiogram event recorder. We also used a spectrum analyzer to identify the automobiles working frequency bandwidth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a total of 102 CIED patients. Device types included 48.0% defibrillators, 37.3% permanent pacemakers, and 14.7% cardiac resynchronization therapy device. Both interrogated data from device and event monitor revealed no incidence of EMI during the PKE activation. We failed to identify the working frequency bandwidth of the two studied cars due to very low signal strength, thus blended in with the background noise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automobile PKE systems transmitted very low power signals. Therefore, under normal circumstances, CIED patients can use automobile PKE system safely without any EMI regardless of key fob positions in relation to the CIED pulse generator.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), and the identification number is NCT03016390.</p>","PeriodicalId":12330,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Medical Devices","volume":" ","pages":"973-977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Electromagnetic interference from automobile passive keyless entry in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.\",\"authors\":\"Narawudt Prasertwitayakij, Taradol Komolmis, Siriluck Gunaparn, Cheeranun Pisespongsa, Arintaya Phrommintikul, Wanwarang Wongcharoen, Teerapat Nantsupawat\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/17434440.2023.2255126\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The automobile passive keyless entry (PKE) system is a potential source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). We aim to determine the incidence and significance of EMI from automobile PKE system in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital, Thailand. Patients with CIED were instructed to lock and unlock two automobiles using the PKE system. Any EMI or arrhythmias were detected by CIED interrogation and single-lead electrocardiogram event recorder. We also used a spectrum analyzer to identify the automobiles working frequency bandwidth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a total of 102 CIED patients. Device types included 48.0% defibrillators, 37.3% permanent pacemakers, and 14.7% cardiac resynchronization therapy device. Both interrogated data from device and event monitor revealed no incidence of EMI during the PKE activation. We failed to identify the working frequency bandwidth of the two studied cars due to very low signal strength, thus blended in with the background noise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automobile PKE systems transmitted very low power signals. Therefore, under normal circumstances, CIED patients can use automobile PKE system safely without any EMI regardless of key fob positions in relation to the CIED pulse generator.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), and the identification number is NCT03016390.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12330,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Expert Review of Medical Devices\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"973-977\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Expert Review of Medical Devices\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2023.2255126\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/9/5 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Expert Review of Medical Devices","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2023.2255126","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/9/5 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Electromagnetic interference from automobile passive keyless entry in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.
Introduction: The automobile passive keyless entry (PKE) system is a potential source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). We aim to determine the incidence and significance of EMI from automobile PKE system in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) patients.
Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital, Thailand. Patients with CIED were instructed to lock and unlock two automobiles using the PKE system. Any EMI or arrhythmias were detected by CIED interrogation and single-lead electrocardiogram event recorder. We also used a spectrum analyzer to identify the automobiles working frequency bandwidth.
Results: There was a total of 102 CIED patients. Device types included 48.0% defibrillators, 37.3% permanent pacemakers, and 14.7% cardiac resynchronization therapy device. Both interrogated data from device and event monitor revealed no incidence of EMI during the PKE activation. We failed to identify the working frequency bandwidth of the two studied cars due to very low signal strength, thus blended in with the background noise.
Conclusions: Automobile PKE systems transmitted very low power signals. Therefore, under normal circumstances, CIED patients can use automobile PKE system safely without any EMI regardless of key fob positions in relation to the CIED pulse generator.
Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), and the identification number is NCT03016390.
期刊介绍：
The journal serves the device research community by providing a comprehensive body of high-quality information from leading experts, all subject to rigorous peer review. The Expert Review format is specially structured to optimize the value of the information to reader. Comprehensive coverage by each author in a key area of research or clinical practice is augmented by the following sections:
Expert commentary - a personal view on the most effective or promising strategies
Five-year view - a clear perspective of future prospects within a realistic timescale
Key issues - an executive summary cutting to the author''s most critical points
In addition to the Review program, each issue also features Medical Device Profiles - objective assessments of specific devices in development or clinical use to help inform clinical practice. There are also Perspectives - overviews highlighting areas of current debate and controversy, together with reports from the conference scene and invited Editorials.
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