Differences in incidence, staging, and survival of urologic cancers in patients under 65 living in the US-Mexico border region.

Objectives: To describe and compare the incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival for genitourinary cancers in the border regions and in Hispanic-Americans.

Materials and methods: A population-based search was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 18 database and the Texas Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2017. Cox regression models were performed with adjusted for age, gender, race, cancer type, cancer stage, insurance status, and cause of death were used to compare cancer-specific survival.

Results: A total of 63,236 kidney and renal pelvis, 38,398 bladder, 170,640 prostate, 24,313 testicular cancer cases were identified. Cancer-specific survival was found to be improved in Hispanic-Americans in kidney and renal pelvis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.903, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.856-0.952, p = 0.0001), and bladder cancers (HR, 0.817, 95% CI, 0.743-0.898, p < 0.001), despite a more advanced stage at diagnosis in Hispanics with bladder cancer (p < 0.0074). Testicular cancer has a survival disadvantage for individuals living in the border region (HR, 1.315, 95% CI, 1.124-1.539, p = 0.0006).

Conclusions: Disparities exist between Hispanic-Americans and Non-Hispanic White and also between individuals living in the border counties when compared to other regions. This is most significant in individuals with testicular cancer residing in the border region who demonstrate worse overall survival.